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Historians have long neglected Afghanistan's broader history when portraying the opium industry. But in Poppies, Politics, and Power, James Tharin Bradford rebalances the discourse, showing that it is not the past forty years of lawlessness that makes the opium industry what it is, but the sheer breadth of the twentieth-century Afghanistan experience. Rather than byproducts of a failed contemporary system, argues Bradford, drugs, especially opium, were critical components in the formation and failure of the Afghan state. In this history of drugs and drug control in Afghanistan, Bradford shows us how the country moved from licit supply of the global opium trade to one of the major suppliers of hashish and opium through changes in drug control policy shaped largely by the outside force of the United States. Poppies, Politics, and Power breaks the conventional modes of national histories that fail to fully encapsulate the global nature of the drug trade. By providing a global history of opium within the borders of Afghanistan, Bradford demonstrates that the country's drug trade and the government's position on that trade were shaped by the global illegal market and international efforts to suppress it. By weaving together this global history of the drug trade and drug policy with the formation of the Afghan state and issues within Afghan political culture, Bradford completely recasts the current Afghan, and global, drug trade.

Drug control --- Drug traffic --- Opium trade --- Opium industry --- Drug dealing --- Drug production, Illicit --- Drug smuggling --- Drug trade, Illicit --- Drug trafficking --- Drugs --- Illicit drug production --- Illicit drug trade --- Narcotic trade --- Narcotic traffic --- Narcotic trafficking --- Smuggling of drugs --- Smuggling of narcotics --- Traffic, Drug --- Trafficking in drugs --- Trafficking in narcotics --- Drug abuse and crime --- Narco-terrorism --- Drug enforcement --- Drug law enforcement --- Drug policy --- Drug traffic control --- Narcotics, Control of --- War on drugs --- Vice control --- History. --- Prices and sale --- Government policy --- Opium poppy industry

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Crime --- City crime --- Crime and criminals --- Crimes --- Delinquency --- Felonies --- Misdemeanors --- Urban crime --- Social problems --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal law --- Criminals --- Criminology --- Transgression (Ethics) --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects --- illicit markets --- marginalised communities --- economic development --- fragile and conflict affected settings --- socioeconomic outcomes --- Black market --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Drug traffic --- Corruption --- Economic development --- Economic development. --- Corruption. --- Black market. --- Drug traffic. --- Drug dealing --- Drug production, Illicit --- Drug smuggling --- Drug trade, Illicit --- Drug trafficking --- Drugs --- Illicit drug production --- Illicit drug trade --- Narcotic trade --- Narcotic traffic --- Narcotic trafficking --- Smuggling of drugs --- Smuggling of narcotics --- Traffic, Drug --- Trafficking in drugs --- Trafficking in narcotics --- Drug abuse and crime --- Narco-terrorism --- Hidden economy --- Parallel economy --- Second economy --- Shadow economy --- Subterranean economy --- Underground economy --- Artisans --- Economics --- Small business --- Commerce --- Corrupt practices --- Ethics --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Prices and sale --- Criminology. Victimology

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Since the launch of the infamous Silk Road, the use of cryptomarkets - illicit markets for drugs on the dark web - has expanded rapidly around the world. Cryptomarkets: A Research Companion is an accessible, detailed guidebook which offers all the tools necessary to begin researching cryptomarket phenomena and the dark web trade in illicit drugs.Offering an in-depth historical account of the development of cryptomarkets up until the present day, the book goes on to examine key trends and findings regarding the contemporary operations of cryptomarkets. The principal methodologies used to conduct cryptomarket research, as well as questions regarding research ethics, are further explored. Finally, the authors outline underdeveloped areas of the field and pose key questions for future cryptomarket research.Whether an academic researcher, post-graduate student, law enforcement officer, or public health professional, this book is essential reading for those researching and working in the realm of cryptomarkets.

Drug traffic --- Dark Web --- Black market --- Computer crimes --- Electronic commerce --- Cybercommerce --- E-business --- E-commerce --- E-tailing --- eBusiness --- eCommerce --- Electronic business --- Internet commerce --- Internet retailing --- Online commerce --- Web retailing --- Commerce --- Information superhighway --- Computers and crime --- Cyber crimes --- Cybercrimes --- Electronic crimes (Computer crimes) --- Internet crimes --- Crime --- Privacy, Right of --- Dark Internet --- Darknet --- Invisible Web --- Drug dealing --- Drug production, Illicit --- Drug smuggling --- Drug trade, Illicit --- Drug trafficking --- Drugs --- Illicit drug production --- Illicit drug trade --- Narcotic trade --- Narcotic traffic --- Narcotic trafficking --- Smuggling of drugs --- Smuggling of narcotics --- Traffic, Drug --- Trafficking in drugs --- Trafficking in narcotics --- Drug abuse and crime --- Narco-terrorism --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Prices and sale --- Electronic commerce - Moral and ethical aspects --- Decentralization in management. --- Dark Web.