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The comparison between methods, evaluation of portal hypertension and many other questions are still open issues in liver elastography. New elastographic applications are under evaluation and close to being used in clinical practice. Strain imaging has been incorporated into many disciplines and EFSUMB guidelines are under preparation. More research is necessary for improved evidence for clinical applications in daily practice. The Special Issue published papers on recent advances in development and application of Ultrasound Elastography.

ultrasonography --- elastography --- anti-HBV therapy --- pediatric --- WFUMB --- measurement variability --- tendon stiffness --- pancreas --- patellar positions --- point of care ultrasound --- time of day --- chronic hepatitis B --- quantification --- chronic hepatitis C --- EFSUMB --- stiffness --- liver cirrhosis --- liver fibrosis --- computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) --- guideline --- liver stiffness --- Achilles tendon --- bending energy --- ultrasound elastography --- acoustic radiation force impulse --- tendinopathy --- texture analysis --- power spectrum --- magnetic resonance imaging --- strain ratio --- thyroid cancer --- prior activity --- direct acting antivirals --- strain quantification --- patellar tendon --- shear wave elastography (SWE) --- cine-tagging --- cirrhosis --- health care --- shear wave elastography --- Crohn’s disease --- contrast enhanced ultrasound --- HCV core antigen --- shear modulus --- therapy --- ultrasound --- supersonic shear imaging --- carcinoma --- quantitative --- leg dominance --- viral hepatitis C --- strain elastography --- endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

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The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, also referred as 9/11, was an iconic event in US history that altered the global and political response to terrorism. The attacks, which involved two planes hitting the twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, resulted in the collapse of the buildings and over 2800 deaths of occupants of the buildings, fire, police and other responders and persons on the street in the vicinity of the collapsing buildings. The destroyed towers and the surrounding buildings have since been replaced but the health effects that resulted from the release of tons of dust, gases and debris as well as the life threat trauma are ongoing, and represent a major health burden among persons directly exposed. Hundreds of scientific publications have documented the physical and mental health effects attributed to the disaster. The current state-of-the-art in understanding the ongoing interactions of physical and mental health, especially PTSD, and the unique mechanisms by which pollutants from the building collapse, have resulted in long term pulmonary dysfunction, course of previously reported conditions, potential emerging conditions (e.g., heart disease and autoimmune diseases), as well as quality of life, functioning and unmet health care needs would be in the purview of this Special Issue on the 9/11 Disaster.

n/a --- asthma outcomes --- health insurance --- mental health --- handgrip strength --- WTC --- cognitive reserve --- disaster epidemiology --- surveillance bias --- cardiac sarcoidosis --- lung function --- lung injury --- treatment utilization --- injury --- Cox regression --- lower Manhattan residents --- chronic sinusitis --- social support --- indoor allergens sensitization --- respiratory function --- FDNY --- asthma control --- sarcoidosis --- asthma --- 9/11 impact --- physical health --- rescue/recovery workers --- chronic disease --- evidence-based treatment --- irritant(s) --- fibrosis --- unmet mental health care needs --- airway hyperreactivity --- asthma quality of life --- Short Form-12 (SF-12) --- WTC-related asthma --- longitudinal analysis --- forced oscillation --- thyroid cancer --- psychotherapy --- cognitive decline --- 9/11 disaster --- severe lung disease --- prevalence --- inflammation --- pulmonary function tests --- World Trade Center disaster --- disaster mental health --- epidemiological studies --- obstructive sleep apnea --- counseling --- sleepiness --- PTSD --- hazard function --- cleaning practices --- air pollution --- aging --- stressful life events --- airway physiology --- screening --- PTSD cluster --- latent class analysis --- retirement --- environmental health --- World Trade Center --- quality improvement --- pulmonary fibrosis --- WTC attack --- dust --- PCL score --- WTC responders --- mini asthma quality of life questionnaire --- biomarkers --- HQoL --- health-related quality of life --- Scadding stage --- 9/11 --- firefighters --- allergen exposure --- metabolic syndrome --- neuropathic symptoms --- small airway disease --- Asian Americans --- asthma morbidity --- PTSD symptom change --- WTC survivors --- trigger(s) --- World Trade Center exposure --- occupational exposure --- peripheral neuropathy --- disaster --- respiratory symptoms --- mental health treatment --- genetics --- mental health service utilization --- comorbid insomnia --- sleep-related quality of life --- World Trade Center attack --- immunoglobulin E --- mental health service use --- income loss --- paresthesia --- World Trade Center (WTC) --- fibrotic sarcoid --- depression --- post-disaster --- mental health conditions --- extrathoracic sarcoidosis --- medical imaging