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" At the start of the Syrian conflict in 2011, thousands of pro-democracy rebel groups spontaneously formed to fight the Assad regime. Years later, the revolution was unrecognizable as rebel opposition forces had merged into three major groups: Jabhat al-Nusra, Ahrar al Sham, and the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Why did these three groups rapidly increase in size and military strength while others simply disappeared? What is it about their organizational structure and their Islamist ideology that helped group manage their fighters so successfully? With these questions at the forefront, this book examines the internal organization of armed groups and, in particular, their human resources. Analyzing the growth of these groups through the prism of a labor market theory, this book shows that extreme Islamist groups were able to attract fighters away from more moderate groups because they had better internal organization, took better care of fighters both physically and monetarily, experienced less internal corruption, and effectively used their Islamist ideology to control recruits. With unparalleled access and extensive ethnographic research drawn from her interviews and her year embedded with Iraqi Special Operation forces, Mironova delves deep into the ideological and practical nexus of some of the most radical groups in the Middle East. This book brings together more than 600 survey-interviews with local civilians and fighters on the frontline in Syria and a dataset of human resource policies from 40 armed groups; it is an invaluable resource for anyone who wants insight into the on the ground functioning of rebel organizations. "--

Terrorism --- Syria

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Syria --- Israel

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Damascus, first published in 2005, was the first book in English to relate the history of the city, bringing out the crucial role it has played at many points in the region's past. It traced the history of this colourful, significant and complex city through its physical development, from the city's emergence in around 7000 BC through the changing cavalcade of Aramaean, Persian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Mongol and French rulers right up to the end of Turkish control in 1918. Now updated to place the city in the context of the events of the Syrian conflict post-2011, and to include the most recent scholarship on the long history of the city, this volume is a must-read for anyone interested in Syrian history and archaeology, and an ideal partner to Burns' Aleppo (Routledge, 2016). Lavishly illustrated, Damascus: A History remains a compelling and unique exploration of this fascinating city.

Damascus (Syria) --- History.

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Veteran reintegration --- 2011 --- Syria --- Afghanistan. --- Syria. --- History --- Participation, Foreign

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"Based on original interviews, this book relates the experiences of nine Syrian women refugees and their perspectives on a range of subjects. Each narrative reveals a displaced woman's concept of the self in relation to memory, history, trauma and reconciliation within familial, international and cultural contexts"--

Women refugees --- Syria --- History --- Refugees.