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Jan Breman takes dispossession as his central theme in this ambitious analysis of labour bondage in India's changing political economy from 1962 to 2017. When, in a remote past, tribal and low-caste communities were attached to landowning households, their lack of freedom was framed as subsistence-oriented dependency. Breman argues that with colonial rule came the intrusion of capitalism into India's agrarian economy, leading to a decline in the idea of patronage in the relationship between bonded labour and landowner. Instead, servitude was reshaped as indebtedness. As labour became transformed into a commodity, peasant workers were increasingly pushed out of agriculture and the village but remained adrift in the wider economy. This footloose workforce is subjected to exploitation when their labour power is required and is left in a state of exclusion when it is surplus to demand. The outcome is progressive inequality that is thoroughly capitalist in nature.
Peonage --- Labor policy --- Working poor --- Capitalism --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Poor --- Working class --- Labor --- State and labor --- Economic policy --- Bonded labor --- Debt, Servitude for --- Debt bondage --- Debt slavery --- Servitude --- Servitude for debt --- Contract labor --- Forced labor --- History. --- Employment --- Government policy
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L'esclave, tel qu'on se le représente généralement c'est tantôt l'homme-bétail de l'Antiquité, pliant le genou sous les coups de fouet des pharaons, tantôt l'homme-machine de l'époque contemporaine, chaînes aux pieds dans les plantations de coton nord-américaines... Quant au Moyen Age, on l'a longtemps cru réservé à un autre type de subordination, celle du serf, attaché à la terre et au seigneur. Or, à rebours de ces idées reçues, la chute de l'Empire romain est loin d'avoir marqué la fin de l'esclavage.Bien au contraire, les nombreux conflits du temps, des intrusions mongoles aux raids vikings, ont assuré la pérennité de cet asservissement de l'homme par l'homme : du bassin méditerranéen aux confins septentrionaux en passant par les terres byzantines, l'esclavage fut un phénomène très largement répandu durant les mille ans que dura l'époque médiévale. Slaves transitant vers les contrées méridionales, populations d'Afrique noire vendues par les commerçants ibériques, chrétiens en terre d'islam, musulmans en terre chrétienne, les esclaves sont partout, aussi bien en ville qu'à la campagne, affectés à des tâches domestiques, artisanales, industrielles, dans une diversité de situations et de statuts qui a longtemps dissuadé les historiens de considérer le phénomène dans son ensemble - c'est précisément le défi que relève aujourd'hui cet ouvrage pionnier.
Esclavage --- Slavery --- History --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- Civilization, Medieval. --- History. --- Enslaved persons
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In Converging on Cannibals, Jared Staller demonstrates that one of the most terrifying discourses used during the era of transatlantic slaving--cannibalism--was coproduced by Europeans and Africans. When these people from vastly different cultures first came into contact, they shared a fear of potential cannibals.
Cannibalism --- Slavery --- Anthropophagy --- Ethnology --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- History. --- Africa --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Enslaved persons
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Can slaving and enslavement be seen as a significant transformative phenomena in Iron Age Europe and, if so, how would this affect the interpretation of (old and new) archaeological evidence? This exploratory study of the dynamics of Iron Age slaving and enslaving in Northwest Europe contributes to a complex but neglected topic.
Slavery --- Iron age --- History. --- Civilization --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- Enslaved persons
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"Shortly after the first Europeans arrived in seventeenth-century New England, they began to import Africans and capture the area's indigenous peoples as slaves. By the eve of the American Revolution, enslaved people comprised only about 4 percent of the population, but slavery had become instrumental to the region's economy and had shaped its cultural traditions. This story of slavery in New England has been little told. In this concise yet comprehensive history, Jared Ross Hardesty focuses on the individual stories of enslaved people, bringing their experiences to life. He also explores larger issues such as the importance of slavery to the colonization of the region and to agriculture and industry, New England's deep connections to Caribbean plantation societies, and the significance of emancipation movements in the era of the American Revolution. Thoroughly researched and engagingly written, Black Lives, Native Lands, White Worlds is a must-read for anyone interested in the history of New England"--
Slavery --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- History. --- Indian slaves --- New England --- History --- Race relations. --- Enslaved persons --- Persons --- Northeastern States --- Enslaved native persons --- Enslaved indigenous persons
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After Britain's Abolition of the Slave Trade Act of 1807, a squadron of Royal Navy vessels was sent to the West Coast of Africa tasked with suppressing the thriving transatlantic slave trade. Drawing on previously unpublished papers found in private collections and various archives in the UK and abroad, this book examines the personal and cultural experiences of the naval officers at the frontline of Britain's anti-slavery campaign in West Africa. It explores their unique roles in this 60-year operation: at sea, boarding slave ships bound for the Americas and 'liberating' captive Africans; on shore, as Britain resolved to 'improve' West African societies; and in the metropolitan debates around slavery and abolitionism in Britain. Their personal narratives are revealing of everyday concerns of health, rewards and strategy, to more profound questions of national honour, cultural encounters, responsibility for the lives of others in the most distressing of circumstances, and the true meaning of 'freedom' for formerly enslaved African peoples. British anti-slavery efforts and imperial agendas were tightly bound in the nineteenth century, inseparable from ideas of national identity. This is a book about individuals tasked with extraordinary service, military men who also worked as guardians, negotiators, and envoys of abolition.
Slave trade --- Slavery --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- History --- Great Britain. --- צי הבריטי --- England and Wales. --- Great Britain --- History, Naval --- Enslaved persons --- 1800-1899 --- Abolition --- slave trade --- Royal Navy --- suppression of the slave trade --- Middle Passage --- Africa --- slavery --- trade
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Cet ouvrage rassemble des études centrées sur l'histoire agraire et économique du Moyen Âge, avec une focalisation particulière sur les stratégies et la culture matérielle des familles paysannes. Elles sont dédiées à Jean-Pierre Devroey, un des spécialistes mondiaux de l'histoire agraire du Haut Moyen Âge. Professeur à l'Université Libre de Bruxelles, il a gagné une réputation internationale en brisant les frontières historiographiques traditionnelles et en mettant entre autres au cœur de ses recherches le grand domaine carolingien, la circulation de la production agraire, l'histoire des techniques céréalières. Il a souvent puisé des éléments de réflexion à la sociologie, à l'anthropologie ou à l'archéologie. Les études variées rassemblées ici sont l'œuvre de médiévistes venant de nombreux pays, qui illustrent le rayonnement du récipiendaire et apportent des points de vue novateurs à cet important secteur de recherche.
Peasants --- Villeinage --- Serfdom --- Social history --- Feudalism --- History. --- Europe --- Rural conditions --- Social life and customs --- Servitude --- Forced labor --- Land tenure --- Slavery --- Villainage --- Law and legislation --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- paysannerie médiévale --- charrue --- histoire agraire --- domaine carolingien --- abbaye --- technique céréalière --- espace rural
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Centré sur les structures féodales rurales, le livre vise à répondre à travers une comparaison internationale à l’échelle du Vieux Continent à quelques grandes questions : – En dépit de l’extrême diversification des formes de la seigneurie, n’y a-t-il pas sur les traits majeurs une certaine uniformité dans toute l’Europe ? – Ne faut-il pas, pour comprendre les ressemblances et différences, faire intervenir dans le jeu paysans-seigneurs trois autres acteurs, l’un direct la noblesse, les deux autres externes : l’État et la ville ? Du même coup, si l’ouvrage de Guy Lemarchand se veut essentiellement un livre d’histoire sociale, il ne peut se couper de l’énoncé de certaines grandes données économiques et démographiques dont le poids effectif doit être discuté. De là toute une série de questions supplémentaires : – La grande question du « pourquoi la liberté paysanne à l’Ouest, le servage à l’Est ? », peut-elle être résolue en s’en tenant à l’histoire nationale de chaque État ? Pourquoi seulement « une féodalité naissante au Sud-Est » ? – Quelles sont les raisons de la vague d’abolition de la féodalité qui parcourt l’Europe de 1760 à 1860 et quelle est la validité du couple théorique « révolution par le bas » et « révolution par le haut » ? Quel est alors le rôle de la Révolution française et du grand Empire napoléonien dans l’évolution européenne ? Au simple énoncé de ces interrogations, on comprendra toute l’ambition de l’ouvrage de Guy Lemarchand.
Peasants --- Serfdom --- Land tenure --- Nobility --- History. --- Europe --- Rural conditions. --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Servitude --- Forced labor --- Slavery --- Villeinage --- Law and legislation --- Histoire sociale --- XVIe-XIXe s., 1501-1900 --- Paysannerie --- Seigneurie --- Noblesse --- Peasants - Europe - History. --- Serfdom - Europe - History. --- Land tenure - Europe - History. --- Nobility - Europe - History. --- Europe - Rural conditions. --- rapports sociaux --- paysan --- système seigneurial --- féodalité --- seigneurerie
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"In 1836, an enslaved six-year-old girl named Med was brought to Boston by a woman from New Orleans who claimed her as property. Learning of the girl's arrival in the city, the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society (BFASS) waged a legal fight to secure her freedom and affirm the free soil of Massachusetts. While Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw ruled quite narrowly in the case that enslaved people brought to Massachusetts could not be held against their will, BFASS claimed a broad victory for the abolitionist cause, and Med was released to the care of a local institution. When she died two years later, celebration quickly turned to silence, and her story was soon forgotten. As a result, Commonwealth v. Aves is little known outside of legal scholarship. In this book, Karen Woods Weierman complicates Boston's identity as the birthplace of abolition and the cradle of liberty, and restores Med to her rightful place in antislavery history by situating her story in the context of other writings on slavery, childhood, and the law"--
Med --- Sommersett, Maria, --- African Americans --- Slaves --- Slavery --- Antislavery movements --- Child slaves --- Free African Americans --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- History. --- Free Afro-Americans --- Free blacks --- Slave children --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Enslaved persons --- Persons --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- History --- Enslaved children --- Free Black people --- Black people
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Keila Grinberg's compelling study of the 19th century jurist Antonio Pereira Rebouças (1798-1880) traces the life of an Afro-Brazilian intellectual who rose from a humble background to play a key - and conflicted - role as Brazilians struggled to define citizenship and understand racial politics. One of the most prominent specialists in civil law of his time, Rebouças explained why blacks fought stridently for their own inclusion in society but also complicitly embraced an ethic of silence on race more broadly. Grinberg argues that while this silence was crucial for defining spaces of social mobility and respectability regardless of race, it was also stifling, and played an important role in quelling political mobilization based on racial identity.
Civil rights --- Citizenship --- Slavery --- Lawyers --- Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- Basic rights --- Civil liberties --- Constitutional rights --- Fundamental rights --- Rights, Civil --- Constitutional law --- Human rights --- Political persecution --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- History --- Law and legislation --- Rebouças, Antonio Pereira, --- Brazil --- Politics and government --- Pereira Rebouças, Antonio, --- Enslaved persons
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