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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. It constitutes a unique source of knowledge and guidance for all healthcare workers who care for patients with sepsis and septic shock in resource-limited settings. More than eighty percent of the worldwide deaths related to sepsis occur in resource-limited settings in low and middle-income countries. Current international sepsis guidelines cannot be implemented without adaptations towards these settings, mainly because of the difference in local resources and a different spectrum of infectious diseases causing sepsis. This prompted members of the Global Intensive Care working group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) and the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU, Bangkok, Thailand) - among which the Editors – to develop with an international group of experts a comprehensive set of recommendations for the management of sepsis in resource-limited settings. Recommendations are based on both current scientific evidence and clinical experience of clinicians working in resource-limited settings. The book includes an overview chapter outlining the current challenges and future directions of sepsis management as well as general recommendations on the structure and organization of intensive care services in resource-limited settings. Specific recommendations on the recognition and management of patients with sepsis and septic shock in these settings are grouped into seven chapters. The book provides evidence-based practical guidance for doctors in low and middle income countries treating patients with sepsis, and highlights areas for further research and discussion. .

Emergency medicine. --- Critical care medicine. --- Anesthesiology. --- Internal medicine. --- Surgery. --- Family medicine. --- Emergency Medicine. --- Intensive / Critical Care Medicine. --- Internal Medicine. --- General Practice / Family Medicine. --- Family practice (Medicine) --- General practice (Medicine) --- Medicine --- Physicians (General practice) --- Surgery, Primitive --- Medicine, Internal --- Anaesthesiology --- Surgery --- Intensive care --- Intensive medicine --- Emergency medicine --- Intensive care units --- Medicine, Emergency --- Critical care medicine --- Disaster medicine --- Medical emergencies --- Sepsis --- Disease Management --- Developing Countries --- Health Services Accessibility --- Accessibility, Health Services --- Contraceptive Availability --- Health Services Geographic Accessibility --- Program Accessibility --- Access to Health Care --- Accessibility of Health Services --- Availability of Health Services --- Accessibility, Program --- Availability, Contraceptive --- Health Services Availability --- Medically Underserved Area --- Developing Nations --- Least Developed Countries --- Less-Developed Nations --- Third-World Nations --- Under-Developed Nations --- Less-Developed Countries --- Third-World Countries --- Under-Developed Countries --- Countries, Developing --- Countries, Least Developed --- Countries, Less-Developed --- Countries, Third-World --- Countries, Under-Developed --- Country, Developing --- Country, Least Developed --- Country, Less-Developed --- Country, Third-World --- Country, Under-Developed --- Developed Countries, Least --- Developed Country, Least --- Developing Country --- Developing Nation --- Least Developed Country --- Less Developed Countries --- Less Developed Nations --- Less-Developed Country --- Less-Developed Nation --- Nation, Less-Developed --- Nation, Third-World --- Nation, Under-Developed --- Nations, Developing --- Nations, Less-Developed --- Nations, Third-World --- Nations, Under-Developed --- Third World Countries --- Third World Nations --- Third-World Country --- Third-World Nation --- Under Developed Countries --- Under Developed Nations --- Under-Developed Country --- Under-Developed Nation --- Disease Managements --- Management, Disease --- Managements, Disease --- Blood Poisoning --- Poisoning, Blood --- Septicemia --- Severe Sepsis --- Pyaemia --- Pyemia --- Pyohemia --- Blood Poisonings --- Poisonings, Blood --- Pyaemias --- Pyemias --- Pyohemias --- Sepsis, Severe --- Septicemias --- Access To Medicines --- Access to Contraception --- Access to Health Services --- Access to Medications --- Access to Therapy --- Access to Treatment --- Contraception Access --- Contraceptive Access --- Medication Access --- Access To Medicine --- Access to Contraceptions --- Access to Medication --- Access to Therapies --- Access to Treatments --- Access, Contraception --- Access, Contraceptive --- Access, Medication --- Contraception, Access to --- Contraceptive Accesses --- Medication Accesses --- Medication, Access to --- Therapy, Access to --- Treatment, Access to --- Bloodstream Infection --- Bloodstream Infections --- Infection, Bloodstream --- General practice (Medicine). --- Sepsis. --- Disease Management. --- Anesthesiology --- Internal medicine

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Dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a heterogeneous group of protein tyrosine phosphatases with the ability to dephosphorylate Ser/Thr and Tyr residues from proteins, as well as from other non-proteinaceous substrates including signaling lipids. DUSPs include, among others, MAP kinase (MAPK) phosphatases (MKPs) and small-size atypical DUSPs. MKPs are enzymes specialized in regulating the activity and subcellular location of MAPKs, whereas the function of small-size atypical DUSPs seems to be more diverse. DUSPs have emerged as key players in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, stress response, and apoptosis. DUSPs regulate essential physiological processes, including immunity, neurobiology and metabolic homeostasis, and have been implicated in tumorigenesis, pathological inflammation and metabolic disorders. Accordingly, alterations in the expression or function of MKPs and small-size atypical DUSPs have consequences essential to human disease, making these enzymes potential biological markers and therapeutic targets. This Special Issue covers recent advances in the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of MKPs and small-size atypical DUSPs, and their relevance in human disease.

hematopoietic cells --- DEPArray --- n/a --- neuroblastoma --- liver steatosis --- MAPK phosphatase --- DUSP-4 --- granule neurons --- neuronal differentiation --- DUSP10 --- cytokines --- MAPKs --- single cell analysis --- macrophage --- asthma --- E. coli infection --- MAPK --- Cpp1 --- nucleotide receptors --- atypical DUSP --- RSV --- Pmp1 --- cannabinoids --- astrocytes --- sepsis --- influenza --- signaling --- triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) --- differentiation --- HDAC6 (histone deacetylase isoform 6) --- atypical dual-specificity phosphatases --- microtubules --- respiratory viruses --- MK-STYX (MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphoserine/threonine/tyrosine-binding protein) --- dual-specificity phosphatase --- Msg5 --- TLR signaling --- mitogen-activated protein kinase --- fungal MKPs --- macrophages --- MAP Kinase Phosphatase-2 --- inflammation --- Sdp1 --- circulating tumor cells (CTCs) --- MAP kinases --- MAP kinase phosphatases --- P2X7 --- proliferation --- BDNF --- P2Y13 --- T cell --- hypertriglyceridemia --- integrated omics analysis --- post-translational modification --- rhinovirus --- protein stability --- ubiquitination --- dual-specificity phosphatases --- Mkp-1 --- cancer --- brain metastasis --- HER2 --- COPD --- pseudophosphatase