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"This review analyses public procurement policies and practices of ISSSTESON, the institution providing health and pension services to the workers of the State Government of Sonora, Mexico. It benchmarks ISSSTESON practices against the 2015 Recommendation of the Council on Public Procurement to help the institute upgrade its procurement operations and increase efficiency, in a difficult financial environment. It also examines the revenue structure of the Institute and suggests reforms for the pension scheme, which is too generous compared to national and international experience."--Page 4 of cover.

Reformation. --- Protestant Reformation --- Reformation --- Church history --- Counter-Reformation --- Protestantism --- History --- ISSSTESON (Sonora, Mexico) --- Sonora (Mexico : State). --- Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado de Sonora (Sonora, Mexico)

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Christian heresies --- Reformation --- Church history --- 284.1*12 --- Christianity --- Protestant Reformation --- Counter-Reformation --- Protestantism --- Heresies, Christian --- Heresies and heretics --- Heresy --- Theology, Doctrinal --- Christian sects --- 284.1*12 Oorzaken van de hervorming --- Oorzaken van de hervorming --- History --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Reformation.

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An illuminating history of how religious belief lost its uncontested status in the WestThis landmark book traces the history of belief in the Christian West from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, revealing for the first time how a distinctively modern category of belief came into being. Ethan Shagan focuses not on what people believed, which is the normal concern of Reformation history, but on the more fundamental question of what people took belief to be.Shagan shows how religious belief enjoyed a special prestige in medieval Europe, one that set it apart from judgment, opinion, and the evidence of the senses. But with the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation, the question of just what kind of knowledge religious belief was-and how it related to more mundane ways of knowing-was forced into the open. As the warring churches fought over the answer, each claimed belief as their exclusive possession, insisting that their rivals were unbelievers. Shagan challenges the common notion that modern belief was a gift of the Reformation, showing how it was as much a reaction against Luther and Calvin as it was against the Council of Trent. He describes how dissidents on both sides came to regard religious belief as something that needed to be justified by individual judgment, evidence, and argument.Brilliantly illuminating, The Birth of Modern Belief demonstrates how belief came to occupy such an ambivalent place in the modern world, becoming the essential category by which we express our judgments about science, society, and the sacred, but at the expense of the unique status religion once enjoyed.

Christian West;religious belief;unbelievers;modern belief;Protestant Reformation;Luther;Calvin;Council of Trent;Enlightenment;belief;unbelief;religion;secular age;Reformation;modernity;Protestants;Catholics;Anabaptists;medieval Christians;God;deity;epistemology;faith;infinite creator;simulacra;Europe. --- Christian belief. --- Christian society. --- Church. --- Counter-Reformation. --- Descartes. --- Francesco Spiera. --- Samuel Taylor Coleridge. --- atheism. --- birth pangs. --- classical philosophy. --- confessional credulity. --- doctrines. --- dogma. --- eighteenth century. --- evil. --- existence. --- human beings. --- human creations. --- human judgment. --- infidels. --- knowledge. --- medieval credulity. --- modern credulity. --- modern historians. --- opinion. --- ratiocination. --- sixteenth century. --- social world. --- spiritual objects. --- Europe --- Europe. --- Religion --- History. --- Anabaptists. --- Calvin. --- Catholics. --- Christian West. --- Council of Trent. --- Enlightenment. --- God. --- Luther. --- Protestant Reformation. --- Protestants. --- Reformation. --- belief. --- deity. --- epistemology. --- faith. --- infinite creator. --- medieval Christians. --- modern belief. --- modernity. --- religion. --- religious belief. --- secular age. --- simulacra. --- unbelief. --- unbelievers.

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"Tragedy as Philosophy in the Reformation World' examines how sixteenth- and seventeenth-century poets, theologians, and humanist critics turned to tragedy to understand providence and agencies human and divine in the crucible of the Reformation. Rejecting familiar assumptions about tragedy, vital figures like Philipp Melanchthon, David Pareus, Lodovico Castelvetro, John Rainolds, and Daniel Heinsius developed distinctly philosophical ideas of tragedy, irreducible to drama or performance, inextricable from rhetoric, dialectic, and metaphysics. In its proximity to philosophy, tragedy afforded careful readers crucial insight into causality, probability, necessity, and the terms of human affect and action. With these resources at hand, poets and critics produced aseries of daring and influential theses on tragedy between the 1550s and the 1630s, all directly related to pressing Reformation debates concerning providence, predestination, faith, and devotional practice. Under the influence of Aristotle's Poetics, they presented tragedy as an exacting forensic tool, enabling attentive readers to apprehend totality. And while some poets employed tragedy to render sacred history palpable with new energy and urgency, others marshalled a precise philosophicalnotion of tragedy directly against spectacle and stage-playing, endorsing anti-theatrical theses on tragedy inflected by the antique Poetics. In other words, this work illustrates the degree to which some of the influential poets and critics in the period, emphasized philosophical precision at the0expense of-even to the exclusion of-dramatic presentation."--

Drama --- anno 1500-1599 --- anno 1600-1699 --- 82-2 --- 82 "15/17" --- Tragic, The --- Tragic, The, in literature --- Reformation --- Literature, Modern --- Protestant Reformation --- Church history --- Counter-Reformation --- Protestantism --- 82 "15/17" Literatuur. Algemene literatuurwetenschap--Moderne Tijd --- Literatuur. Algemene literatuurwetenschap--Moderne Tijd --- 82-2 Toneel. Drama --- Toneel. Drama --- History and criticism --- History --- 82-2 Drama. Plays --- Drama. Plays --- Tragic, The. --- Tragic, The, in literature. --- Reformation. --- PHILOSOPHY / Metaphysics. --- Literature, Modern. --- 1400-1699. --- Philosophy / metaphysics.

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Katholisch oder evangelisch? Die Reformation trennte die europäischen Gesellschaften seit dem 16. Jahrhundert in zwei feindliche Blöcke. Doch seit der Aufklärung im 18. Jahrhundert schienen die Religion und auch die Konfessionen zunehmend belanglos zu werden. Aber stimmt dieser Eindruck wirklich? Betrachtet man die in Europa teils bis heute herrschenden Einstellungen zu Kunst und Musik, zu Literatur und Sexualität wird allenthalben deutlich, dass sich unterschiedliche Zugänge je nach konfessioneller Prägung erkennen lassen. Die Aufklärung, die das Konfessionelle Zeitalter überwand und die Vorherrschaft einer protestantischen Kultur etablierte, war nicht das letzte Wort der Geschichte. Auf die Entkonfessionalisierung im "Zeitalter der Vernunft" folgte im 19. Jahrhundert eine erneute Bekräftigung der Gegensätze zwischen Protestanten und Katholiken - mit Nachwirkungen bis heute. Michael Maurer verfolgt Aufstieg, Niedergang und Wandel der Konfessionskulturen in Europa vom 16. Jahrhundert bis heute - eine Entdeckungsreise, die auch denjenigen, die sich religiös nicht gebunden fühlen, unerwartete Einsichten über die eigenen Prägungen eröffnen kann.

Reformation --- Christianity and culture --- Christian sects --- Protestantism --- Christianity --- Church history --- Protestant churches --- Christian denominations --- Denominations, Christian --- Sects, Christian --- Sects --- Christian heresies --- Contextualization (Christian theology) --- Culture and Christianity --- Inculturation (Christian theology) --- Indigenization (Christian theology) --- Culture --- Protestant Reformation --- Counter-Reformation --- Influence --- History --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Church history. --- 238.2:284.1 --- 238.2:284.1 Lutheraanse, evangelische confessies --- Lutheraanse, evangelische confessies --- Literature. --- Belles-lettres --- Western literature (Western countries) --- World literature --- Philology --- Authors --- Authorship --- Cultural history. --- Cultural studies. --- Kulttuurihistoria --- Evangelische Kirche --- Glaube --- Katholiken --- Konfession --- Spiritualität --- Konfessionskulturen --- Protestanten --- Konfessionalisierung --- Bilderstreit