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L'inflation ne devrait plus être un indicateur politiquement sensible puisque, depuis le début des années 1980, les politiques macroéconomiques sont parvenues à la contenir. Pourtant, l'indice des prix à la consommation (IPC), qui est le principal indicateur de l'inflation, reste très fréquemment consulté sur le site de l'Insee, du fait de ses usages multiples. L'IPC sert pour l'indexation des salaires, des retraites, mais aussi de divers contrats, par exemple les pensions alimentaires. Il est aussi utilisé par les comptables nationaux pour déflater des grandeurs macroéconomiques monétaires et fournir des données en termes « réels ». Mais comment mesure-t-on cet indice des prix à la consommation ? Quelles ont été les réformes qui se sont succédé pour donner forme à l'IPC du XXIe siècle ? Cet ouvrage présente l'IPC en s'appuyant sur l'étude des controverses qui ont jalonné son histoire. Situées dans le contexte socioéconomique comme dans celui des idées, ces controverses donnent à voir le caractère éminemment conventionnel et politique de l'IPC et, partant, de nombreux autres indicateurs macroéconomiques, tels que la croissance ou la productivité.
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Prescription pricing --- Consumer price indexes --- Pharmaceutical industry --- Evaluation.
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L'inflation ne devrait plus être un indicateur politiquement sensible puisque, depuis le début des années 1980, les politiques macroéconomiques sont parvenues à la contenir. Pourtant, l'indice des prix à la consommation (IPC), qui est le principal indicateur de l'inflation, reste très fréquemment consulté sur le site de l'Insee, du fait de ses usages multiples. L'IPC sert pour l'indexation des salaires, des retraites, mais aussi de divers contrats, par exemple les pensions alimentaires. Il est aussi utilisé par les comptables nationaux pour déflater des grandeurs macroéconomiques monétaires et fournir des données en termes réels. Mais comment mesure-t-on cet indice des prix à la consommation ? Quelles ont été les réformes qui se sont succédées pour donner forme à l'IPC du XXIe siècle ? Cet ouvrage présente l'IPC en s'appuyant sur l'étude des controverses qui ont jalonné son histoire. Situées dans le contexte socio-économique comme dans celui des idées, ces controverses donnent à voir le caractère éminemment conventionnel et politique de l'IPC et, partant, de nombreux autres indicateurs macroéconomiques, tels que la croissance ou la productivité.
Prices --- Consumer price indexes --- Indice des prix à la consommation --- Prices - France
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"Les marchés financiers se sont considérablement développés au cours de ces dernières années. Ils tiennent désormais un rôle prépondérant dans l'économie contemporaine. Ils sont devenus indispensables à une allocation efficace des ressources dans le temps et dans l'espace. Cet ouvrage d'introduction aux marchés financiers s'articule autour de trois thèmes. La première partie détaille les principaux instruments financiers mis à la disposition des investisseurs et de l'entreprise. Aux côtés des actifs traditionnels (actions, contrats à terme, obligations, options, swaps, titres de créances) sont présentés des produits de bourse innovants tels que les certificats, les CFD et les trackers. La deuxième partie est dédiée à la microstructure des marchés financiers. Elle constitue un guide de la négociation en bourse pour toute personne désireuse d'investir. Elle décrit l'organisation des transactions, précise les aspects réglementaires les plus récents et développe la construction des indices boursiers. La troisième partie constitue une initiation à la gestion d'un portefeuille. Elle met en relief les deux piliers fondamentaux de la théorie moderne de portefeuille que sont la rentabilité et le risque, expose les différentes techniques de sélection des titres adoptées par les gérants de fonds et présente les indicateurs permettant de mesurer les performances. L'ouvrage est complété par de nombreux exercices ainsi qu'un site internet : www.lesaoutfinance.com"
Capital market --- Financial instruments --- Portfolio management --- Stock price indexes --- Marché financier --- Instruments financiers --- Gestion de portefeuille --- Marché financier
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The consumer price index (CPI) is a key economic indicator used to gauge inflation, adjust wages, pensions, and social benefits. The producer prices index (PPI) is used for forecasting and deflating GDP estimates. Both indexes are used by the Fund, policymakers, and researchers for global, regional, and domestic surveillance. In this context, the paper evaluates the soundness of the indexes by assessing four major criteria: frequency of updating the weights, the index coverage, timeliness, and the use of international classifications. We discuss online and scanner data as frontier issues. The study shows that the CPI is universally and frequently compiled, timely, and fairly-well aligned with international standards. However, the weights used to compile the index are updated in only 45 percent of economies and have national coverage in 76 percent. PPIs, compiled by only 126 economies are timely, but there is scope for continued improvement as only 36 percent of economies have updated PPI weights and approximately 67 percent maintain the recommended coverage. Outdated weights impact the reliability of the indexes for policy analysis. Frequently updated weights and well-represented coverage mitigate against biases and ensure that the indexes properly measure the price evolution in the economy.
Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Monetary Policy --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Monetary economics --- Consumer price indexes --- Producer price indexes --- Price indexes --- Inflation targeting --- National accounts --- Monetary policy --- National income
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This paper discusses the report on Botswana by technical assistance mission conducted in response to a request from Statistics Botswana (SB) to assist with updating the consumer price index (CPI) and to review progress with the development of the producer price index (PPI). SB has compiled a draft PPI for mining and quarrying and plan to disseminate these data in September 2019. Further work to expand PPI coverage has been slower than anticipated for a number of reasons, including: data from the 2017 census of economic activity are still not available; resources diverted to support updating the CPI; and issues with the collection of price data. Improvements were identified in the compilation of the mining PPI. The report highlights that whilst the staff clearly show the capability for developing price indexes, they are limited by the amount of resource available with which to develop and disseminate indexes. SB management should carefully review the staff and budgetary resources needed to continue a program of development for PPI and ongoing improvement of the CPI.
Fiscal policy --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- Botswana --- Economic conditions. --- Infrastructure --- Macroeconomics --- Natural Resource Extraction --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Extractive industries --- Consumer price indexes --- Producer price indexes --- National accounts --- Mining sector --- Prices --- Economic sectors --- Price indexes --- National income --- Mineral industries --- Saving and investment
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This paper focuses on the debt build-up that frontier low-income developing countries (LIDCs) have faced since 2012. First, it documents a 20-percentage point increase in the external and government debt-to-GDP ratios, a composition shift toward higher non-concessional debt, and a rise in interest rate payments. Second, using panel regressions, it shows that while both global and country-specific factors are correlated with debt-to-GDP ratios over 1998–2016, global factors dominate for the period 2012–16. Third, through a small open-economy model, it shows that the projected tightening in global financial conditions would reduce debt-to-GDP ratios by less than the increase associated with the expected rise in investment.
Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Fiscal Policy --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Finance --- Public debt --- External debt --- Commodity price indexes --- Fiscal stance --- Debt relief --- Prices --- Fiscal policy --- Asset and liability management --- Debts, Public --- Debts, External --- Price indexes --- Papua New Guinea
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A technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted during June 18–22, 2018 to support the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (SSSU) in improving the residential property price indexes (RPPI) for Ukraine. This was the second of a series of SECO2 RPPI-funded TA missions to take place until mid-2019 that will assist in building staff capacity for further development of the RPPI. RPPIs have been identified as critical ingredients for financial stability policy analysis. The indexes are used by policy makers as an input into design of macroprudential policies, that is, those policies aim to reduce systemic risks arising from “excessive” financial procyclicality (such as asset bubbles). RPPIs are also used by policy makers to inform monetary policy and inflation targeting.
Housing --- Price indexes. --- Prices --- Price indices --- Index numbers (Economics) --- Affordable housing --- Homes --- Houses --- Housing needs --- Residences --- Slum clearance --- Urban housing --- City planning --- Dwellings --- Human settlements --- Social aspects --- Macroeconomics --- Real Estate --- Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Property & real estate --- Land prices --- Price indexes --- Ukraine
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Real oil prices surged from 2009 through 2014, comparable to the 1970’s oil shock period. Standard explanations based on monopoly markup fall short since inflation remained low after 2009. This paper contributes strong evidence of Granger (1969) predictability of nominal factors to oil prices, using one adjustment to monetary aggregates. This adjustment is the subtraction from the monetary aggregates of the 2008-2009 Federal Reserve borrowing of reserves from other Central Banks (Swaps), made after US reserves turned negative. This adjustment is key in that Granger predictability from standard monetary aggregates is found only with the Swaps subtracted.
Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Monetary economics --- Oil prices --- Gold prices --- Monetary base --- Consumer price indexes --- Money --- Gold --- Money supply --- Price indexes --- United States
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