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The following research is based on discourse analysis of official statements, speeches and policy documents published by the governments of the eight Arctic states as well as China and the NATO alliance between January 2012 and June 2019. This document provides a brief summary of the key narratives promoted by each of these 10 Arctic actors, drawing particular attention towards how they frame their identity in the Arctic (self), how they conceptualise the region (region) and how they frame relations with other Arctic stakeholders (others). The narratives identified in the discourse were coded according to the different national power dimensions and political values that they communicate. This summary is intended to give an over-view of the narrative landscape of the Arctic as indication of key national interests and areas of strategic priorities for each of these 10 Arctic actors.
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By participating in free and fair elections, citizens make their choice while they expect the officials they elect to represent their best interests in the best possible way. The voters' choice gives legitimacy to the officials and parties needed to handle legislation and execute political powers in the way they find most appropriate and suitable. While the competition for political power is an essential element in ensuring the democratic diversity of interests, the election process itself can become exposed to malicious influence attempts, including foreign powers aiming to influence the choice of voters as well as the outcome of an election.
Elections. --- Political ethics. --- Politicians.
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Corruption in politics and public administration is pervasive and difficult to eliminate. It has a strong effect on public attitudes toward government and is at the same time badly understood. A clear, comprehensive understanding of corruption is critical to the goal of ethical government that is trusted by the public. In this short and accessible text, Staffan Andersson and Frank Anechiarico demonstrate how the dynamics of life in organizations both generate corruption and make it difficult to prevent without undermining the effectiveness of government. They argue that how we define corruption, how we measure it, and how we try to combat it are strongly interrelated and should not be seen as separate issues. The authors demonstrate how this integrated approach, together with a focus on the damage caused by corruption to civic inclusivity and participation, can serve as an entry point for understanding the quality of democracy and the challenge of good governance. Using examples from mainly the United States and Sweden, Andersson and Anechiarico establish that recent anti-corruption reforms in public administration have often been narrowly focused on bribery (exchange corruption) and law enforcement approaches, while doing too little to other problems and forms of corruption, such as interest conflict. Corruption and Corruption Control: Democracy in the Balance will be of great interest to all students of politics, public administration and management, and ethics.--
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« Les auteurs ouvrent des voies pour la pensée et l'action qui, elles-mêmes, pourraient et devraient confluer en une voie de Salut. Que ce livre tonifie ses lecteurs comme il m'a tonifié ! » Edgar Morin Les recettes du progrès de l'humanité ne s
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With almost 30% of the world's remaining natural gas supply and 13% of oil located under the Northern Polar ice, the Arctic represents a place of great untapped potential.1) After the record-breaking summer ice melts of 2007 and 2012, previously impassable stretches of Arctic waters became ice-free and navigable for the first time. This allowed oil companies to send drilling ships northward and begin the first phases of oil and gas extraction. The decline of Arctic sea ice also significantly impacts the global shipping trade, opening up shorter and more lucrative trade routes between Asia and Europe, and cutting nearly 4000 nautical miles from the route in the process. 2) For Russia and Canada, countries with extensive Arctic shorelines, the receding ice has also exposed significant vulnerabilities in their collective defense and security. Unrestricted passage through their internal Arctic waters means access to Russian and Canadian territory has increased exponentially. For some governments, however, the security risks and grim long-term environmental costs of the melting Arctic ice are dwarfed by the enormity of the short-term economic opportunities on offer. Commercial interests in the Circumpolar North have never been greater. And with such high economic stakes, efforts to secure political influence and regional access to the Arctic have increased dramatically.
Political ethics. --- Politics and government. --- International relations.
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Ricoeur on évoque souvent la pensée herméneutique et éthique. La réflexion politique est pourtant loin d'être absente. Elle constitue au contraire une préoccupation permanente, mais traverse des écrits demeurés dispersés jusqu'ici. Les principaux, souvent méconnus, sont réunis dans cet ouvrage, qui en sélectionne dix-sept, allant de 1958 à 2003.Comme toujours chez Ricoeur, ces textes répondent à des demandes qui s'enracinent dans l'actualité. Pourtant, son effort philosophique leur donne valeur universelle et durable. Ricoeur insiste ainsi sur le paradoxe politique d'une tension continuelle entre "raison" et violence, et sur des préoccupations contemporaines, qu'il s'agisse du "mal" et de la responsabilité morale en politique, de l'autorité et de la conviction dans la vie démocratique, ou de la tolérance, de la condition de l'étranger, de l'identité et des enjeux de l'élaboration, difficile, d'un ethos européen.
Political science --- Political ethics --- Philosophy --- Philosophie politique. --- Morale politique. --- Political science - Philosophy --- Political ethics. --- Philosophy.
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"What makes a government legitimate? The dominant view is that our public officials have the right to rule us, even if they are unfit or unfair, as long as they gain power through procedures based on our consent. In Legitimacy, Arthur Applbaum argues that adherence to procedure is not enough, that legitimacy must also depend on the substance of laws, policies, and practices. Applbaum holds that a government cannot be legitimate unless it upholds three principles. These are: 1. liberty, necessary to protect against barbarism, 2. equality, to protect against despotism and to help the vulnerable, and 3. agency, according to which authorities treat citizens as competent, independent agents and, within limits, respect the mandate that citizens have given them. Today, Applbaum writes, the greatest risk to our democracies is the violation of the third principle, as wanton leaders threaten to act in an unconstrained, incoherent, and inconsistent manner that undermines respect for others as moral agents. Working out the extended implications of his principles, Applbaum shows that legitimacy also requires respect for counter-majoritarian institutions and practices such as judicial review, independent administrative agencies, and civil disobedience."
Legitimacy of governments --- Government accountability --- Political leadership --- Political ethics --- Despotism
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What makes a government legitimate? Arthur Isak Applbaum rigorously argues that the greatest threat to democracies today is not loss of basic rights or despotism. It is the tyranny of unreason: domination of citizens by incoherent, inconstant, incontinent rulers. A government that cannot govern itself cannot legitimately govern others.
Legitimacy of governments. --- Government accountability. --- Political leadership. --- Political ethics. --- Despotism.
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Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Political science --- Political ethics --- Early works to 1800
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