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Middle East and Mediterranean region locates at a crossroad of global climatic patterns. The region is under the influence of a convergence of different maritime conditions which together with extensive adjacent land masses marked by extreme differences in topographical features transporting continental air masses lead to a diverse climate. This edited volume is based on the best papers accepted for presentation during the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018. It gives new insights on patterns and mechanisms of past, present and future climate/environmental changes mainly on Middle East and Mediterranean region by international researchers. The book is of interest to all researchers in the fields of climate, paleo-climate and paleo-environmental studies. Main topics include: • Spatio-temporal Patterns of Climate Change • Sea Level Variability • Climate Change Impacts and Migration Schemes • Paleoclimate Evolution • Paleoenvironmental Evolution.

Paleoclimatology --- Paleoecology. --- Biogeosciences. --- Environmental Geography. --- Palaeoecology --- Ecology --- Paleobiology --- Geobiology. --- Environmental geography. --- Geography --- Biology --- Earth sciences --- Biosphere

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Human settlements --- Paleoclimatology --- Europe, Northern --- Europe, Western --- Antiquities --- Material culture --- Antiquities, Prehistoric --- Neolithic period --- Bronze age --- Prehistoric peoples

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The cryosphere is very sensitive to climate change, and glaciers represent one of the most important archives of atmospheric composition and its variability. From the Himalaya to the European Alps, the longest mid-latitude mountain chain in the world, lie thousands of glaciers that have collected atmospheric compounds over the last millennia. China and Italy are located at the opposite terminals of this long mountain chain, comprising strategic positions for understanding climate evolution and providing important information for the modeling of future climates. The results presented are highlights of some of the most recent advances in cryospheric studies, especially on the topic of mineral dust and aerosols in the atmosphere. They evidence the complexity of the chemical–physical processes involving solid compounds occurring in glacier, snow, and permafrost environments, covering different aspects such as spatial and temporal trends, as well as the impact of mineral and nonmineral particles. Results also show that recent advances in measurement techniques and source apportionment may be powerful and sophisticated tools to provide novel, high-quality scientific information.

XAS spectroscopy --- bacteria --- XANES --- mineral elements --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy --- iron geochemistry --- ice --- X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy --- mineral dust --- compositional data analysis --- synchrotron radiation --- dust --- global warming hiatus --- simultaneous measurements --- TXRF --- low concentration elemental analysis --- global warming slowdown --- paleoclimatology --- water --- X-ray fluorescence --- snow --- long-range transport --- southern hemisphere --- Antarctica --- ice core --- cryoconite --- evaporation --- contaminants --- POPs --- paleoclimate --- XANES and LCF --- ultra-dilution --- particulate matter --- trace elements --- atmospheric mineral dust --- cryospheric sciences --- ice cores --- X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy --- droplets --- Arctic rapid warming --- microbiology --- cryosphere --- polycapillary optics --- environment --- Laohugou glacier --- iron speciation --- X-ray absorption spectroscopy --- Arctic --- insoluble dust