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Inflation (Finance) --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment

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Many argue that improvements in monetary policy frameworks in emerging market economies over the past few decades, have made them more resilient to external shocks. This paper exploits the May 2013 taper tantrum in the United States to study the reaction of 18 large emerging markets to an external shock, conditioning on their degree of inflation expectations' anchoring. We find that while the tapering announcement negatively affected growth prospects regardless of the level of anchoring, countries with weakly anchored inflation expectations experienced larger exchange rate pass-through to consumer prices, hence comparatively higher inflation. We conclude that efforts to improve the extent of anchoring of inflation expectations in emerging markets pay off, as they ease the trade-off that central banks face when external shocks weaken growth prospects and trigger currency depreciations.

Inflation (Finance) --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Monetary Policy --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Exchange rate pass-through --- Exchange rates --- Consumer prices --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Prices --- Financial markets --- Financial services industry --- United States

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This Selected Issues paper analyzes the sectoral trends and the impact of the real effective exchange rate (REER) changes on sectoral exports using the detailed product data from the United Nations’ Commodity Trade Statistics Database (Comtrade). This paper focuses on Uruguay’s product- and sector-specific global export market shares. It also estimates the sensitivity of these market shares to real effective exchange rate by using the product data from the Comtrade database and building on the work presented in IMF (2017). The paper estimates the elasticities of product market shares with respect to real exchange rates for Uruguay only. Rather than using time dummies to isolate the potential impact of the time trend, the lagged value of the change in shares as an additional independent variable has been added. The paper concludes that Uruguay’s manufacturing exports are sensitive to the changes in REER, and, accordingly, that productivity-enhancing measures to promote competitiveness would be beneficial.

Inflation (Finance) --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Industries: Manufacturing --- Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General --- Trade: General --- International Financial Markets --- Commodity Markets --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Manufacturing industries --- International economics --- Investment & securities --- Exchange rates --- Real effective exchange rates --- Manufacturing --- Exports --- Economic sectors --- International trade --- Foreign exchange market --- Commercial products --- Uruguay

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Combatting financial stability risks is a highly challenging task which can by no means be concentrated into a 'one-size fits all' approach. It is important to select the appropriate tools and techniques in order to monitor, analyse, and maintain financial stability through proactive policy measures. 'Tools and Techniques for Financial Stability Analysis' explores all key aspects of analytical tools and challenges for sound financial stability assessments. Comprehensive coverage is given to value at risk, stress testing, graphical tools for financial stability, the financial system stress index, as well as ratios and metrics of financial stability assessment. Finally, a concluding chapter is devoted to understand the key challenges involved in maintaining financial stability. This book will prove valuable to central bankers, economists, and policy-makers who are involved in the field of financial stability, as well as researchers studying the field.

Inflation (Finance) --- Financial institutions --- Risk assessment --- Banks and banking. --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Money --- Analysis, Risk --- Assessment, Risk --- Risk analysis --- Risk evaluation --- Evaluation --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Econometric models. --- Banks and banking --- Monetary policy --- International finance --- International monetary system --- International money --- International economic relations --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Evaluation&delete& --- Econometric models --- E-books --- Business & Economics --- Finance. --- General.

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The economy is growing steadily, benefiting from a benign regional environment, particularly in Russia, the source of most remittances and non-gold export receipts. Low inflation, lower fiscal deficits, and a stable banking sector point to the success of stabilization policies implemented by the government and National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic (NBKR, the central bank) under eight successive Fund-supported programs. However, the economy remains vulnerable to external shocks because of the high level of remittances (29 percent of GDP), the concentration of exports on gold (37 percent of exports of goods), the level and composition of the public debt (56 percent of GDP, 4/5 of which is denominated in foreign currency), and the level of the current account deficit (8.7 percent of GDP). In addition, economic growth has been insufficient to significantly raise living standards and continue to reduce poverty.

Finance --- Fiscal policy --- Inflation (Finance) --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Government policy --- Kyrgyzstan --- Economic conditions. --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Foreign Exchange --- Budgeting --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Budgeting & financial management --- Public debt --- External debt --- Public and publicly-guaranteed external debt --- Loans --- Financial institutions --- Debt sustainability analysis --- Debts, Public --- Debts, External --- Banks and banking --- Money supply --- Budget --- Kyrgyz Republic