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Military readiness. --- Space surveillance. --- Astronautics, Military.
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1989 marked the beginning of a short but intense period of thorough geopolitical changes in the eastern part of Europe. The simultaneous weakening and liberalisation of the communist regime in the USSR led by Mikhail Gorbachev, the gradual limitation of Moscow's economic and political support but also its shrinking control over the countries in the Soviet bloc and domestic political crises inside these countries led to a rapid downfall of the communist governments in Central-Eastern Europe. The military, economic and political structures of the Soviet bloc were dissolved within a timeframe of just two years, and the Soviet Union itself ceased to exist in December 1991, to be replaced with fifteen new independent states. The Russian Federation became the main successor to the USSR as it, albeit seriously weakened, inherited a large section of the Soviet empire's resources and had to redefine its interests in the new post-Cold War European and global order that was being formed.
Military policy. --- Military readiness. --- Strategic culture. --- Russia (Federation) --- Europe --- Military relations
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National security --- Military planning --- Military readiness. --- United States. --- United States --- Military policy.
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This text provides a more comprehensive, definitive, and rigorous treatment of proxy war. It argues that proxy war can and should remain a useful and effective tool of foreign policy, but that such an endeavor demands better understanding and deliberation.
PROXY WAR --- Proxy war. --- Military policy. --- Proxy war --- Military policy --- Defense policy --- Military readiness --- Military history --- Sociology, Military --- War --- National security --- Proxy warfare --- War by proxy --- Political aspects --- conflict. --- decision making. --- foreign policy. --- indirect intervention. --- principal-agent relationships. --- proxy war. --- strategy.
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Excessive military spendingreduces the available financial reserves for health,education, and other human needs. For poor countries, it increases poverty, unemployment, and destitution.It also strengthens dictatorial tendencies in politics and acts against democratic values. If we want to achieve peace, eliminate poverty, decrease inequality, and achieve social justice, we should devote all our energies to reducing military spending and using the released resources for economic development. For that, we need a concerted effort to encourage disarmament. This newvolume provides reflections and insights from leading public figures and activists who oppose military expenditure in any form. Many of the contributions to this volume were presented as speeches at the 'Disarm! For a Climate of Peace' meeting held in Berlin in 2016, organized by the International Peace Bureau. The volume also includes additional research-oriented chapters to complement the transcripts from the International Peace Bureau meeting.
Disarmament. --- Peace. --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- International relations --- Disarmament --- Peace-building --- Security, International --- War --- Limitation of armament --- Military power --- Armed Forces --- Arms control --- Arms race --- Military readiness --- Military weapons --- Peace --- Economic development. --- Political Science --- Political activism. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse
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Modern democracies face tough life-and-death choices in armed conflicts. Chief among them is how to weigh the value of soldiers' lives against those of civilians on both sides. The first of its kind, Whose Life Is Worth More? reveals that how these decisions are made is much more nuanced than conventional wisdom suggests. When these states are entangled in prolonged conflicts, hierarchies emerge and evolve to weigh the value of human life.Yagil Levy delves into a wealth of contemporary conflicts, including the drone war in Pakistan, the Kosovo war, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the US and UK wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Cultural narratives about the nature and necessity of war, public rhetoric about external threats facing the nation, antiwar movements, and democratic values all contribute to the perceived validity of civilian and soldier deaths. By looking beyond the military to the cultural and political factors that shape policies, this book provides tools to understand how democracies really decide whose life is worth more.
Casualty aversion (Military science) --- War casualties --- Military policy. --- Defense policy --- Military readiness --- Military history --- Sociology, Military --- War --- National security --- Casualties, War --- War victims --- War wounds --- Aversion, Casualty (Military science) --- Bloodless warfare --- Strategy --- Government policy. --- Political aspects --- Casualties --- Casualties (Statistics, etc.) --- body count. --- casualty sensitivity. --- collateral killing. --- force protection. --- legitimacy of sacrificing. --- legitimacy of using force. --- risk taking. --- risk transfer.
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Recently there has been a welcome revival of scholarly interest in the economy of classical Greece. In the face of increasingly compelling arguments for the existence of a market economy in classical Athens, the Finleyan orthodoxy is finally relinquishing its long dominion. In this book, Barry O’Halloran seeks to contribute to this renewed debate by re-interrogating the ancient evidence using more recent economic interpretative frameworks. The aim is to re-evaluate accepted orthodoxies and present the economic history of this emblematic city-state in a new light. More specifically, it analyses the economic foundations of Athens through the prism of its navy. Its macroeconomic approach utilises an employment-demand model through which enormous naval defence expenditures created an exceptional period of demand-led economic growth.
Navies --- Sea-power --- History --- Economic aspects --- Athens (Greece) --- Economic conditions --- History. --- Economic conditions. --- History, Naval --- Economic history. --- Navies. --- Economic aspects. --- Greece --- History, Naval. --- E-books --- Dominion of the sea --- Military power --- Naval policy --- Navy --- Sea, Dominion of the --- Seapower --- Military readiness --- Naval art and science --- Naval history --- Naval strategy --- Armed Forces --- Warships --- Aḟiny (Greece) --- Atene (Greece) --- Atʻēnkʻ (Greece) --- Ateny (Greece) --- Athen (Greece) --- Athēna (Greece) --- Athēnai (Greece) --- Athènes (Greece) --- Athinai (Greece) --- Athīnā (Greece) --- Αθήνα (Greece) --- Navies - Greece - Athens - History --- Sea-power - Economic aspects - Greece - Athens - History --- Athens (Greece) - Economic conditions --- Athens (Greece) - History
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The authors provide an overview of the current state of the Russian military in terms of funding and capabilities across the bulk of its forces. They describe how Russian defense budgets have increased over the course of the past 15 years, even as Russian defense spending has now entered a period of decline. They also portray a Russian military in transition, on a path to adapt its general-purpose forces to provide options more suitable to Russia's needs and intentions. They conclude that, based on the location of Russian forces and the systems that the Russian government and military have emphasized for modernization, the Russian government and military have successfully strengthened Russia's military capabilities for a distinct set of future conflict scenarios. It is important to pay close attention to Russia's modernization of its advanced air defenses and ground forces, especially its long-range fires systems — a process that has improved both its offensive and defensive capabilities. The Russian military has also improved its overall readiness level, which has resulted in an ability to quickly generate significant ground forces and to rapidly project antiair and antisea capabilities around its borders. This gives the country substantial offensive potential against bordering states, especially other former Soviet republics.
Armed Forces --- Military planning --- Military policy. --- Defense budgets --- Military budgets --- Armed Services --- Military, The --- Military art and science --- Disarmament --- Defense policy --- Military readiness --- Military history --- Sociology, Military --- War --- National security --- War planning --- Military administration --- Military policy --- Planning --- Reorganization. --- Appropriations and expenditures. --- Political aspects --- Russia (Federation) --- Russian Federation --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Operational readiness --- Evaluation. --- Appropriations and expenditures --- Eluosi (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- RF (Russian Federation) --- Россия (Federation)
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Aeronautics, Military --- Air warfare --- Air power --- Aeronautics, Military. --- Air power. --- Air warfare. --- Periodicals. --- Strategic aspects of individual places. --- Air University (U.S.) --- Europe --- Middle East --- Africa --- Africa. --- Europe. --- Middle East. --- United States. --- Strategic aspects --- Journals (Periodicals) --- Magazines --- Library materials --- Mass media --- Serial publications --- Newspapers --- Press --- Aerial strategy --- Aerial tactics --- Aerial warfare --- Air strategy --- Air tactics --- War --- Airplanes, Military --- Air superiority --- Military power --- Military readiness --- Military aeronautics --- Military aviation --- Military art and science --- Air pilots, Military --- Air Education and Training Command. --- Air University (U.S.). --- Maxwell Air Force Base (Ala.). --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- É.-U. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- ÉU --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si͡evero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si͡evernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi͡ednani Derz͡havy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi͡a Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz͡havy --- ZSA --- Asia, Western --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Eastern Mediterranean Region --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mideast --- Near East --- South West --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Asia --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- East (Middle East) --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Orient
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