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297 <494> --- 297 <494> Islamisme. Mahométisme--Zwitserland --- 297 <494> Islam. Mohammedanisme--Zwitserland --- Islamisme. Mahométisme--Zwitserland --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Zwitserland --- Islam et laïcité --- Islam et droit

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Divorcing Traditions is an ethnography of Islamic legal expertise and practices in India, a secular state in which Muslims are a significant minority and where Islamic judgments are not legally binding. Katherine Lemons argues that an analysis of divorce in accordance with Islamic strictures is critical to the understanding of Indian secularism. Lemons analyzes four marital dispute adjudication forums run by Muslim jurists or lay Muslims to show that religious law does not muddle the categories of religion and law but generates them. Drawing on ethnographic and archival research conducted in these four institutions-NGO-run women's arbitration centers (mahila panchayats); sharia courts (dar ul-qazas); a Muslim jurist's authoritative legal opinions (fatwas); and the practice of what a Muslim legal expert (mufti) calls "spiritual healing"-Divorcing Traditions shows how secularism is an ongoing project that seeks to establish and maintain an appropriate relationship between religion and politics. A secular state is always secularizing. And yet, as Lemons demonstrates, the state is not the only arbiter of the relationship between religion and law: religious legal forums help to constitute the categories of private and public, religious and secular upon which secularism relies. In the end, because Muslim legal expertise and practice are central to the Indian legal system and because Muslim divorce's contested legal status marks a crisis of the secular distinction between religion and law, Muslim divorce, argues Lemons, is a key site for understanding Indian secularism.

Legal polycentricity --- Secularism --- Islam and state --- Divorce --- Divorce (Islamic law) --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Bijuralism --- Legal pluralism --- Pluralism, Legal --- Polycentric law --- Polycentricity, Legal --- Law --- Conflict of laws --- Law and legislation --- 297 <54> --- 297 <54> Islamisme. Mahométisme--India. Pakistan --- 297 <54> Islam. Mohammedanisme--India. Pakistan --- Islamisme. Mahométisme--India. Pakistan --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--India. Pakistan

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"Die Arbeit geht dem religiösen Wandel im Iran unter den Ṣafaviden nach. Dabei wird nicht die Verkündung der Schia als offizieller Religion im Jahr 1501 in den Mittelpunkt gestellt. Vielmehr werden die Ṣafaviden kontextualisiert, der religiöse Wandel selbst anhand beteiligter Akteure, Auswirkungen auf religiöse Institutionen und Legitimation von Herrschaft sowie der Übersetzung in Architektur und Performanz von Ritualen nachgezeichnet."--Back cover.

Shīʻah --- Sufism --- 236.95 --- 297 <09> --- 236.95 Chiliasme. Millennium. Duizendjarig rijk. Rechterlijke macht van Christus --- Chiliasme. Millennium. Duizendjarig rijk. Rechterlijke macht van Christus --- 297 <09> Islamisme. Mahométisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- 297 <09> Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- Islamisme. Mahométisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- History --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van .. --- Iran --- República Islâmica do Irã --- Irã --- Persia --- Northern Tier --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- I-lang --- Paras-Iran --- Paras --- Persia-Iran --- I.R.A. --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai︠a︡ Respublika Iran --- I.R.I. --- IRI --- ايران --- جمهورى اسلامى ايران --- Êran --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- Religion --- History. --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van . --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van

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"Right of access to the sea has preoccupied ruling authorities and jurisconsults from the dawn of ancient civilization to the present day. The scant legal evidence reaching us from the biblical and ensuing periods suggests that nations bordering the sea - such as those of the Egyptians, Phoenicians, Minoans, Hittites, Philistines, and Assyrians - codified laws regulating navigation in adjacent waters, on rivers, and on the high seas, in addition to establishing regulations pertaining to fishing and access to ports. Despite their military supremacy on land and at sea, ancient Near Eastern empires neither claimed legal dominion over the high seas, in full or in part, nor denied other nations access to them. Dominion over the sea held a symbolic rather than a formal legal standing; it was de facto rather than de jure sovereignty. However, access of foreign vessels and merchants to internal waters was restricted, falling under the exclusive sovereignty of coastal states"-- "The doctrine of modern law of the sea is commonly believed to have developed from Renaissance Europe. Often ignored though, is the role of Islamic law of the sea and customary practices at that time. In this book, Hassan Khalilieh highlights Islamic legal doctrine regarding freedom of the seas and its implementation in practice. He proves that many of the fundamental principles of the pre-modern international law governing the legal status of the high seas and the territorial sea, though originating in the Mediterranean world, are not a necessarily European creation. Beginning with the commonality of the sea in the Qur'an and legal methods employed to insure the safety, security, and freedom of movement of Muslim and aliens by land and sea, Khalilieh then goes on to examine the concepts of territorial sea and its security premises, as well as issues surrounding piracy and its legal implications as delineated in Islamic law"--

Freedom of the seas. --- Law --- Maritime law (Islamic law). --- Islamic influences --- 347.79 --- 297 --- 953 --- Freedom of the seas --- Maritime law (Islamic law) --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Mare liberum --- Open seas (Law) --- Sea, Freedom of the --- Seas, Freedom of the --- Law of the sea --- Mare clausum --- 953 Geschiedenis van het Arabisch schiereiland en de Islamitische wereld --- Geschiedenis van het Arabisch schiereiland en de Islamitische wereld --- 297 Islamisme. Mahométisme --- 297 Islam. Mohammedanisme --- Islamisme. Mahométisme --- Islam. Mohammedanisme --- 347.79 Zeerecht--(volkenrechtelijk z {341.225}; verkeer te water z.o.{656.6}) --- Zeerecht--(volkenrechtelijk z {341.225}; verkeer te water z.o.{656.6}) --- Islamic law --- Law and legislation --- 297 Islam --- Islam --- History of the law --- anno 600-699 --- anno 800-1199 --- anno 700-799 --- anno 1200-1499

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"Heretic and impostor or reformer and statesman? The contradictory Western visions of Muhammad. In European culture, Muhammad has been vilified as a heretic, an impostor, and a pagan idol. But these aren't the only images of the Prophet of Islam that emerge from Western history. Commentators have also portrayed Muhammad as a visionary reformer and an inspirational leader, statesman, and lawgiver. In Faces of Muhammad, John Tolan provides a comprehensive history of these changing, complex, and contradictory visions. Starting from the earliest calls to the faithful to join the Crusades against the "Saracens," he traces the evolution of Western conceptions of Muhammad through the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and up to the present day. Faces of Muhammad reveals a lengthy tradition of positive portrayals of Muhammad that many will find surprising. To Reformation polemicists, the spread of Islam attested to the corruption of the established Church, and prompted them to depict Muhammad as a champion of reform. In revolutionary England, writers on both sides of the conflict drew parallels between Muhammad and Oliver Cromwell, asking whether the prophet was a rebel against legitimate authority or the bringer of a new and just order. Voltaire first saw Muhammad as an archetypal religious fanatic but later claimed him as an enemy of superstition. To Napoleon, he was simply a role model: a brilliant general, orator, and leader. The book shows that Muhammad wears so many faces in the West because he has always acted as a mirror for its writers, their portrayals revealing more about their own concerns than the historical realities of the founder of Islam"

Islam --- History of Europe --- Muhammad --- 297*35 --- 297.167 --- 297.167 Islam: stichter: Mohammed --- Islam: stichter: Mohammed --- 297*35 Islam en het Westen --- Islam en het Westen --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Public opinion --- Muḥammad, --- Mahomed, --- Maḥmūd, --- Mahomet, --- Mohammed, --- Magomet, --- Mu-han-mo-te, --- Nabi Muhammad, --- Mukhammed, --- Maometto, --- Mahometto, --- Mohammad, --- Mahoma, --- Muḥamad, --- מוחמד --- מוחמד, --- ، محمد --- النبي محمد --- محمد --- محمد الرسول --- محمد النبي --- محمد، نبي --- محمد، پيامبر --- محمد، --- محمدو --- محمد, --- محمد. --- ممحمد، --- Public opinion. --- Islamic countries --- Europe --- Relations --- محمد الرسول, --- محمد النبي, --- Muḥammad --- Appréciation --- Cristianisme i altres religions --- Islamisme --- Apreciació --- Interpretacions cristianes --- Europe. --- Islamic countries. --- Western countries. --- Westliche Welt --- Westliche Staaten --- Westen --- Der Westen --- Kapitalistische Staaten --- Industriestaaten --- Westmächte --- Nichtwestliche Welt --- Occident --- Western countries --- Western nations --- Western world --- Developed countries --- Muslim countries --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia