Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Investments, Foreign. --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Welcome to the latest edition of the Exotix Capital Developing Markets Guide. This is the sixth edition, the previous one having been published in February 2011 when the concept of investing in frontier economies was beginning to gain traction again after being derailed by the global financial crisis. A lot has happened since then. This guide is written for the serious frontier market investor, policymaker or academic analyst who is looking to maximise returns, improve policymaking or advance research through superior knowledge. We provide analysis and outlooks for 42 frontier economies along with detailed descriptions of their debt histories and restructuring experiences, and with the main investable instruments in the hard currency sovereign and corporate space in each. We aim to give our clients a convenient reference point to check details on loans and illiquid bonds and include as many frontier markets, illiquid instruments, nonperforming or restructured bonds and loans as possible.

Investments, Foreign. --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments --- International finance. --- Economic development projects—Finance. --- Capital market. --- International Finance. --- Development Finance. --- Capital Markets. --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- International monetary system --- International money --- International economic relations

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In the past 25 years, exports have contributed strongly to growth and economic convergence in many small open economies. However, the Western Balkan (WB) region, consisting of small emerging market economies, has not fully availed itself of this driver of growth and convergence. A lack of openness, reliance on low value products, and weak competitiveness largely explain the insignificant role of trade and exports in the region’s economic performance. This paper focuses on how the countries in the WB could lift exports through stronger integration with global value chains (GVCs) and broadening of services exports. The experience of countries that joined the European Union in or after 2004 shows that participation in GVCs can help small economies accelerate export and income growth. WB countries are not well integrated into Europe’s vibrant GVCs. Trade within the region is also limited—it tends to be bilateral and not cluster-like. Our analysis shows that by improving infrastructure and labor skills and adopting trade policies that ensure investor protection and harmonize regulations and legal provisions, the region can greatly enhance its engagement with GVCs. Services exports are an increasingly important part of global trade, and they offer an untapped source of growth. The magnitude of services exports from the WB region compares favorably with that of peers in Europe, particularly in travel services where several of these countries have a revealed comparative advantage. But there is significant room for growth in tourism exports and an untapped potential in business and information technology services exports that these countries can materialize through policy efforts that increase openness and enhance connectivity and labor skills. Serbia offers a good example of how decisive efforts, including education policies to ensure a sustained supply of skilled labor, can help information technology services exports to take off.

Economic development --- Exports --- Investments, Foreign --- Economic development. --- Economic history. --- Exports. --- Investments, Foreign. --- Balkan Peninsula --- Balkan Peninsula. --- Economic conditions. --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments --- International trade --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Balkan States --- Balkans --- Southeastern Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Commercial treaties --- Exports and Imports --- Global value chains --- Globalization --- Globalization: General --- Imports --- International economics --- International Trade Organizations --- Service exports --- Trade agreements --- Trade Policy --- Trade: General --- Albania