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The research field of smart textiles is currently witnessing a rapidly growing number of applications integrating intelligent functions in textile substrates. With an increasing amount of new developed product prototypes, the number of materials used and that of specially designed production technologies are also growing. This book is intended to provide an overview of materials, production technologies, and product concepts to different groups concerned with smart textiles. It will help designers to understand the possibilities of smart textile production, so that they are enabled to design this type of products. It will also help textile and electronics manufacturers to understand which production technologies are suitable to meet certain product requirements.

Textile & fibre technology --- Textiles; materials; Technology; textile; smart; production

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Optical fibers in metrology, telecommunications, sensors, manufacturing, and health science have gained massive research interest. The number of applications is increasing at a fast pace. This book aims to present a collection of recent advances in fiber optics, addressing both fundamental and industrial applications. It covers the current progress and latest breakthroughs in emergent applications of fiber optics. The book includes five chapters on recent developments in optical fiber communications and fiber sensors, as well as the design, simulation, and fabrication of novel fiber concepts.

Fiber optics. --- Fiberoptics --- Fibre optics --- Fibreoptics --- Optics, Fiber --- Integrated optics --- Optoelectronic devices --- Photonics --- Optical fiber communication --- Applied optics

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Today, mainly man-made materials, such as carbon and glass fibers, are used to produce composite parts in aviation. Renewable materials, such as natural fibers or bio-sourced resin systems, have not yet found their way into aviation. The project ECO-COMPASS aims to evaluate the potential applications of ecologically improved composite materials in the aviation sector in an international collaboration of Chinese and European partners. Natural fibers such as flax and ramie will be used for different types of reinforcements and sandwich cores. Furthermore, bio-based epoxy resins to substitute bisphenol-A based epoxy resins in secondary structures are under investigation. Adapted material protection technologies to reduce environmental influence and to improve fire resistance are needed to fulfil the demanding safety requirements in aviation. Modelling and simulation of chosen eco-composites aims for an optimized use of materials while a Life Cycle Assessment aims to prove the ecological advantages compared to synthetic state-of-the-art materials. This Special Issue provides selected papers from the project consortium partners.

physical properties --- n/a --- plant fiber --- fracture toughness --- eco-composite --- functional composites --- flax fibre --- balsa --- bio-composites --- hybrid composite --- interface --- itaconic acid --- sandwich structures --- nonwoven --- flax --- engineering applications --- paper --- carbon nanotubes --- composite --- recycled carbon fibre --- poly-lactic acid --- rosin acid --- aviation sector --- crack sensing --- bio-sourced epoxy --- life cycle assessment --- natural fibre --- electrical properties --- glass fibre --- polymer nanocomposites --- environmental impacts --- multi-scale modeling --- function integrated interleave --- ramie fiber --- bio-based epoxy --- hybrid --- fabric --- sound absorption --- microstructures --- thermosetting resin --- wet-laying --- electrical conductivity --- green composite

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In the industrial world, the use of sensors is an important part of many processes. These are used to measure the different system variables that determine the conditions under which these systems are located. They are also used to regulate these different variables in the best way possible in order to increase performance and process-related safety. Unfortunately, all measurements made by sensors are subject to errors that can have many causes. These errors may be related to sensor wear, the conditions in which they are located, improper use of the sensors as well as incorrect reading of the operators or loss of information with signal transfer and processing.

These measurement errors can have a huge impact on a fibreglass manufacturing process since the conditions inside the furnace, in which the melting of glass raw materials takes place, must be fully known and regulated. Indeed, the smallest deviation from the ideal conditions can lead to breakages at the bushings. This represents, by adding all the breaks, a significant loss of time and money.

In this work, a data validation and reconciliation process was initiated to improve the measurements in the mass balance in one of the furnaces at the Battice plant. This process allows to get closer to the real values by taking into account the uncertainties of the different sensors. Indeed, in this work, some values have been reconciled. Dans le monde industriel, l'utilisation de capteurs est une part importante de nombreux procédés. Ceux-ci sont utilisés pour mesurer les différentes variables des systèmes qui permettent de connaître les conditions dans lesquelles se trouvent ces systèmes. Ils servent aussi à réguler au mieux ces différentes variables afin d’augmenter les performances ainsi que la sécurité liée aux procédés. Malheureusement, toutes les mesures effectuées par des capteurs sont entachées d'erreurs pouvant avoir de nombreuses origines. Ces erreurs peuvent être liées à l'usure des capteurs, aux conditions dans lesquelles ils se trouvent, à la mauvaise utilisation de ceux-ci, ainsi qu'à une mauvaise lecture des opérateurs ou une perte d'information avec le transfert et traitement du signal.

Ces erreurs de mesures peuvent avoir un énorme impact sur un processus de fabrication de fibre de verre, étant donné que les conditions à l'intérieur du four dans lequel se passe la fusion des matières premières en verre, doivent être parfaitement connues et régulées. En effet, la plus petite déviation par rapport aux conditions idéales peut entrainer une casse aux filières. Ce qui représente, en additionnant toutes les casses, une perte importante de temps et d'argent.

Dans ce travail, un processus de validation et de réconciliation de données a été initié afin d'améliorer les mesures présentes dans le bilan de masse d'un des fours de l'usine de Battice. Ce processus permet de se rapprocher des valeurs réelles en tenant compte des incertitudes des différents capteurs. En effet, dans ce travail, certaines valeurs ont pu être réconciliées.

Fibreglass --- Reconciliation and validation process --- Furnace --- Mass balance --- Fibre de verre --- Procédé de validation et de réconciliation --- Four --- Bilan de masse --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie chimique

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Carbon fiber is an oft-referenced material that serves as a means to remove mass from large transport infrastructure. Carbon fiber composites, typically plastics reinforced with the carbon fibers, are key materials in the 21st century and have already had a significant impact on reducing CO2 emissions. Though, as with any composite material, the interface where each component meets, in this case the fiber and plastic, is critical to the overall performance. This text summarizes recent efforts to manipulate and optimize the interfacial interaction between these dissimilar materials to improve overall performance.

cellulose derivative --- stack --- lignin --- contact problem --- single fibre pull out --- fatigue --- composite --- sandwich composite --- toughness --- aluminum UNS A97050 --- surface quality --- Carbon fiber --- epoxy curing --- kerf taper --- block copolymers --- conductive yarn --- X-ray transmission --- electron beam --- CT cradle --- thin-wall --- microwave heating --- Seebeck coefficient --- tendon --- air blowing --- epoxy resins --- monocoque structure --- prepreg --- carbon fiber --- surface treatment --- strengthening --- carbon fibre --- surface modification --- epoxy composite --- prestressed near-surface mounted reinforcement (NSMR) --- recycled carbon fiber --- composites --- thermocouple --- structural analysis --- interfacial adhesion --- three-wheeler vehicle --- SOM/SEM --- polycarbonate --- low consumption vehicle --- computed tomography --- thermoforming --- AWJM --- isotropic pitch --- nickel-coated carbon fiber --- finite element model --- dual curing --- fast-cure epoxy resin --- lightweight design --- macrogeometric deviations --- ethylene tar --- CFRP