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Justice between age groups is an understudied area in political philosophy. What does it mean to treat different age groups as equals ? Should we apply egalitarian comparison to people born at different times at this specific point in time or over the course of their lives ? Is it permissible to give higher priority to policies that primarily benefit the youngsters ? Don’t inequalities among age groups matter as well as inequalities between age groups ? Should we take the risk of premature death into account ? The present PhD thesis establishes a theoretical framework for age-group justice and makes explicit its implications for practical policy discussions and proposals, Justice between age groups is an understudied area in political philosophy. What does it mean to treat different age groups as equals ? Should we apply egalitarian comparison to people born at different times at this specific point in time or over the course of their lives ? Is it permissible to give higher priority to policies that primarily benefit the youngsters ? Don’t inequalities among age groups matter as well as inequalities between age groups ? Should we take the risk of premature death into account ? The present PhD thesis establishes a theoretical framework for age-group justice and makes explicit its implications for practical policy discussions and proposals. La justice entre les classes d'âge est un domaine sous-étudié. Il n'est pas évident de savoir a priori comment traiter de manière équitable deux personnes d'âge différent. L'égalité doit-elle être respectée à chaque moment de la vie de ces personnes ou bien suffit-il de se concentrer sur l'égalité entre leurs vies complètes? Y a t-il des raisons de privilégier les âgés ou les plus jeunes? L'égalité entre les classes d'âge constitue t-elle le seul objectif à poursuivre ou bien faut-il s'intéresser aussi aux inégalités au sein d'une même classe d'âge? Faut-il se préoccuper de ce que les espérances de vie des individus sont différentes? Voilà quelques-unes des questions auxquelles cette thèse a l'ambition de répondre. On trouvera dans la présente thèse l'élaboration d'une théorie complète de la justice entre les classes d'âge avec ses fondements et ses justifications ainsi que son application à des politiques publiques contemporaines.

Justice --- Age groups --- Cohort analysis --- Social justice

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The impact of fat intake on hypercholesterolemia and related atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases has been studied for decades. However, the current evidence base suggests that fatty acids also influences cardiometabolic diseases through other mechanisms including effects on glucose metabolism, body fat distribution, blood pressure, inflammation, and heart rate. Furthermore, studies evaluating single fatty acids have challenged the simplistic view of shared health effects within fatty acid groups categorized by degree of saturation. In addition, investigations of endogenous fatty acid metabolism, including genetic studies of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, and the identification of novel metabolically derived fatty acids have further increased the complexity of fatty acids’ health impacts. This Special Issue aims to include original research and up-to-date reviews on genetic and dietary modulation of fatty acids, and the role and function of dietary and metabolically derived fatty acids in cardiometabolic health.

coronary artery disease --- n-6 fatty acids --- ischemic heart disease --- n-3 fatty acids --- body weight --- alternatively activated macrophages --- type 2 cytokines --- children --- medium-chain triglyceride --- fat --- omega-3 PUFA --- substitution models --- obesity --- EETs --- arachidonic acid --- blood pressure --- Genome-wide association study (GWAS) --- antioxidant --- Mediterranean diet --- Insulin sensitivity --- PUFA --- n-3 PUFA --- long-chain triglyceride --- fish oil --- omega 3 --- CAD --- adipose tissue --- FADS --- blood lipids --- hemodynamics --- genotype --- erucic acid --- klotho --- CYP450 eicosanoids --- cardiometabolic disease --- fibrosis --- desaturase --- EEQs --- cohort study --- lipid metabolism --- fatty acid --- metabolic disease --- epidemiology --- omega-3 --- inflammation --- docosapentaenoic acid --- omega-6 PUFA --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- diet --- CKD --- human --- perivascular adipose tissue --- seafood --- cardiovascular disease --- prospective cohort study --- linoleic acid --- low-fat diet --- conjugated fatty acids --- furan fatty acids --- unsaturated fat --- statins --- fish --- cholesterol ester --- CHD --- COPD

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Tea, made from the leaves of the Camellia senenisis plant, is the second most consumed beverage worldwide after water. Accumulating evidence from cellular, animal, epidemiological and clinical studies have linked tea consumption to various health benefits, such as chemoprevention of cancers, chronic inflammation, heart and liver diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Although such health benefits have not been consistently observed in some intervention trials, positive results from clinical trials have provided direct evidence supporting the cancer-protective effect of green tea. In addition, numerous mechanisms of action have been suggested to contribute to tea’s disease-preventive effects. Furthermore, effects of the processing and storage of tea, as well as additives on tea’s properties have been investigated.

polyphenols --- n/a --- cell cycle arrest and apoptosis --- neuroblastoma --- salivary ?-amylase activity --- cancer apoptosis --- yaupon holly --- bioaccessibility --- fracture --- p53 --- tea --- Liubao tea --- BE(2)-C --- matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) --- catechin --- renal stone --- oxalate --- protein expression --- 67LR --- Alzheimer’s disease --- EGCG --- nutraceutical --- diseases --- anti-oxidant --- heme oxygenase-1 --- polyphenol --- anxiety --- matcha --- ERCC1/XPF --- neuro-sphere --- tea consumption --- theanine --- Rosmarinic acid --- yerba mate --- hypercalciuria --- gene expression --- microbiota --- cohort study --- histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) --- guayusa --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) --- DNA repair --- mRNA expression --- caffeine --- chemoprevention --- cisplatin --- 6-OH-11-O-hydroxyphenanthrene --- adrenal hypertrophy --- hepatic damage --- anti-photoaging --- cell death --- green tea --- kudingcha --- suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) --- epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) --- stress-reduction --- calcium oxalate monohydrate --- Camellia sinensis --- chemoresistance --- tea polyphenols --- green tea polyphenols --- green tea catechins --- N-MYC --- cancer --- epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) --- Parkinson’s disease --- Alzheimer's disease --- Parkinson's disease

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The prevalence of diabetes is on the increase in the UK and worldwide, partly due to changes in lifestyle which predispose individuals to overweight and obesity. It is estimated that about 90% of the currently diagnosed adults have type 2 diabetes, and based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) report, about 422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014 compared with 108 million in 1980; this condition caused about 1.5 million deaths in 2012. In the United States of America, it is estimated that about 30.3 million adults are living with diabetes, with a further 1.5 million new diabetes cases diagnosed every year, representing an increasing prevalence of this condition. Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, despite advances in technology and the pharmaceutical industry. These problems may be in the form of acute or long-term complications. Therefore, in order to attenuate the problems of diabetes, management strategies usually include lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and dietary interventions. Studies which evaluate the role of nutrition in the management of type 2 diabetes often involve human and animal models as these approaches enable us to have a broader and more in-depth understanding of the condition. In some cases, diabetes may co-exist with other conditions, such as stroke, and these may present unique challenges with regard to nutritional interventions. This Special Issue aims to evaluate the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and the role of the diet in the management of people with this condition. This evidence is drawn from both human and animal studies.

low-carbohydrate --- lipids --- carbohydrate restricted diet --- aldosterone --- high fat diet --- interleukin-6 --- rosemary extract --- Hedychium coronarium --- isomaltulose --- low carbohydrate diet --- folk medicine --- free fatty acids (FFA) --- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol --- mushroom --- protein and fat counting --- incretins --- fish oil --- almond --- Japanese --- vitamin D deficiency --- low energy diet --- AMPK --- women --- glycaemic index --- T2DM --- zinc status --- ginseng --- longitudinal analysis --- dietary management approaches --- glucose monitoring --- gut microbiome --- nutritional supplement --- carbohydrate counting --- gestational diabetes --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- very-low-calorie --- inflammatory parameters --- vitamin D --- subjective appetite --- randomised controlled trial --- total body lean --- insulin secretion --- systematic review --- lactic acid bacteria --- food --- type 2 diabetes --- fish --- zinc intake --- glycaemic control --- diabetes --- dairy products --- glycated haemoglobin --- short chain fatty acids --- glycated hemoglobin A --- glycemic control --- vegetable oil --- standard formula --- cardiovascular risk factors --- DASH --- insulin dosage --- appendicular fat --- body composition --- total body fat --- micronutrients --- 25-OH-D --- obesity --- diabetes reversal --- enteral nutrition --- PUFA --- body mass index --- metabolic syndrome --- lifestyle management --- nutrition --- streptozotocin --- nuts --- enteral tube feeding --- lipid profile --- macronutrients --- triglyceride --- tempeh --- cohort study --- diabetes specific formula --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- diabetes mellitus --- calcium intake --- hyperglycemia --- epidemiology --- trace elements --- dietary intake --- muscle --- appendicular lean --- peanut --- insulin resistance --- sucromalt --- pancreatectomy --- energy restricted diet --- glycemic index --- type 1 diabetes --- fasting blood glucose --- bariatric surgery --- prediabetes --- aronia --- meta-analysis --- chronic conditions --- diabetes management --- dietary pattern --- diet quality --- lipid parameters --- feces