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2019 (7)

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Book
Extreme Floods and Droughts under Future Climate Scenarios
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ISBN: 3039218999 3039218980 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Hydroclimatic extremes, such as floods and droughts, affect aspects of our lives and the environment including energy, hydropower, agriculture, transportation, urban life, and human health and safety. Climate studies indicate that the risk of increased flooding and/or more severe droughts will be higher in the future than today, causing increased fatalities, environmental degradation, and economic losses. Using a suite of innovative approaches this book quantifies the changes in projected hydroclimatic extremes and illustrates their impacts in several locations in North America, Asia, and Europe.


Book
Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration (ET)
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ISBN: 3039216031 3039216023 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the water and energy balances, and the number of remote sensing-based ET products and estimation methods has increased in recent years. Various aspects of remote sensing of ET are reported in the 11 papers published in this book. The major research areas covered by this book include inter-comparison and performance evaluation of widely used one- and two-source energy balance models, a new dual-source model (Soil Plant Atmosphere and Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration, SPARSE), and a process-based model (ETMonitor); assessment of multi-source (e.g., remote sensing, reanalysis, and land surface model) ET products; development or improvement of data fusion frameworks to predict continuous daily ET at a high spatial resolution (field-scale or 30 m) by fusing the advanced spaceborne thermal emission reflectance radiometer (ASTER), the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Landsat data; and investigating uncertainties in ET estimates using an ET ensemble composed of several land surface models and diagnostic datasets. The effects of the differences between ET products on water resources and ecosystem management were also investigated. More accurate ET estimates and improved understanding of remotely sensed ET products are crucial for maximizing crop productivity while minimizing water losses and management costs.


Book
Human Mobility, Spatiotemporal Context, and Environmental Health: Recent Advances in Approaches and Methods
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ISBN: 3039211846 3039211838 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Environmental health researchers have long used concepts like the neighborhood effect to assessing people’s exposure to environmental influences and the associated health impact. However, these are static notions that ignore people’s daily mobility at various spatial and temporal scales (e.g., daily travel, migratory movements, and movements over the life course) and the influence of neighborhood contexts outside their residential neighborhoods. Recent studies have started to incorporate human mobility, non-residential neighborhoods, and the temporality of exposures through collecting and using data from GPS, accelerometers, mobile phones, various types of sensors, and social media. Innovative approaches and methods have been developed. This Special Issue aims to showcase studies that use new approaches, methods, and data to examine the role of human mobility and non-residential contexts on human health behaviors and outcomes. It includes 21 articles that cover a wide range of topics, including individual exposure to air pollution, exposure and access to green spaces, spatial access to healthcare services, environmental influences on physical activity, food environmental and diet behavior, exposure to noise and its impact on mental health, and broader methodological issues such as the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) and the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP). This collection will be a valuable reference for scholars and students interested in recent advances in the concepts and methods in environmental health and health geography.

Keywords

the elderly --- regression analysis --- walking event --- green space --- missing data --- crop residue burning --- correlation analysis --- imputation --- physical environment --- crowdedness --- Guangzhou --- mobile phone data --- GPS trace --- noise pollution --- mental disorders --- Beijing --- urban leisure --- environmental exposure --- environmental context cube --- subway stations --- air pollution exposure --- long-distance walking --- car ownership --- multilevel model --- CHAS --- ecological momentary assessment --- cycling for transportation --- cognitive aging --- 3SFCA --- interannual and seasonal variations --- well-being experience --- personal projects --- spatial spread --- E2SFCA --- activity space --- catchment areas --- structural equation modeling --- transport modes --- greenspace exposure --- health --- train stations --- human mobility --- quantile regression --- the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) --- emissions estimation --- taxi GPS trajectories --- real-time traffic --- primary healthcare --- rail travel --- spatial accessibility --- commuting route --- GPS --- urban planning --- environmental health --- Brazil --- EMA --- geographical accessibility --- big data --- dynamic assessment --- obesity --- healthcare accessibility --- population demand --- the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) --- geographic impedance --- collective leisure activity --- multimodal network --- GIS --- 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic --- UGCoP --- environmental exposures --- spatial data --- the uncertain geographic context problem --- Singapore --- built environment --- adults --- time-weighted exposure --- geographic imputation --- Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) --- access probability --- life-course perspectives --- China --- walking --- active travel --- foodscape exposure --- car use --- food environment --- fuel consumption --- ageing --- Healthcare services --- road traffic accidents --- space-time kernel density estimation --- multilevel Bayesian model --- environmental context exposure index --- spatial autocorrelation --- PM concentrations --- physical activity --- bike paths


Book
Entropy Applications in Environmental and Water Engineering
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Entropy theory has wide applications to a range of problems in the fields of environmental and water engineering, including river hydraulic geometry, fluvial hydraulics, water monitoring network design, river flow forecasting, floods and droughts, river network analysis, infiltration, soil moisture, sediment transport, surface water and groundwater quality modeling, ecosystems modeling, water distribution networks, environmental and water resources management, and parameter estimation. Such applications have used several different entropy formulations, such as Shannon, Tsallis, Reacutenyi Burg, Kolmogorov, Kapur, configurational, and relative entropies, which can be derived in time, space, or frequency domains. More recently, entropy-based concepts have been coupled with other theories, including copula and wavelets, to study various issues associated with environmental and water resources systems. Recent studies indicate the enormous scope and potential of entropy theory in advancing research in the fields of environmental and water engineering, including establishing and explaining physical connections between theory and reality. The objective of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for compiling important recent and current research on the applications of entropy theory in environmental and water engineering. The contributions to this Special Issue have addressed many aspects associated with entropy theory applications and have shown the enormous scope and potential of entropy theory in advancing research in the fields of environmental and water engineering.

Keywords

hydrological risk analysis --- modeling --- water level --- Poyang Lake basin --- trend --- composite multiscale sample entropy --- flood frequency analysis --- canopy flow --- precipitation --- water resources --- complex systems --- frequency analysis --- optimization --- combined forecast --- neural network forecast --- entropy spectral analysis time series analysis --- environmental engineering --- hydrometric network --- sea surface temperature --- kernel density estimation --- robustness --- turbulent flow --- entropy production --- connection entropy --- flux concentration relation --- turbulence --- tropical rainfall --- generalized gamma (GG) distribution --- multi-events --- El Niño --- joint entropy --- entropy weighting method --- Anhui Province --- changing environment --- complexity --- multiplicative cascades --- Tsallis entropy --- Hexi corridor --- coherent structures --- water resources vulnerability --- uncertainty --- variability --- flow entropy --- Hei River basin --- fuzzy analytic hierarchy process --- substitute --- crop yield --- conditional entropy production --- entropy --- flow duration curve --- mean annual runoff --- temperature --- hydrometeorological extremes --- resilience --- Loess Plateau --- information entropy --- scaling --- water distribution networks --- cross entropy --- randomness --- forewarning model --- entropy applications --- quaternary catchment --- spatio-temporal variability --- probability distribution function --- ant colony fuzzy clustering --- radar --- continuous probability distribution functions --- Shannon entropy --- informational entropy --- information --- confidence intervals --- marginal entropy --- rainfall forecast --- entropy of information --- streamflow --- power laws --- bootstrap aggregating --- maximum entropy-copula method --- spatial and dynamics characteristic --- projection pursuit --- set pair analysis --- entropy theory --- water resource carrying capacity --- entropy parameter --- precipitation frequency analysis --- principle of maximum entropy --- information theory --- stochastic processes --- network design --- complement --- cross elasticity --- climacogram --- methods of moments --- hydrology --- bagging --- principle of maximum entropy (POME) --- rainfall network --- entropy ensemble filter --- ensemble model simulation criterion --- Lagrangian function --- Beta-Lognormal model --- cross-entropy minimization --- ANN --- configurational entropy --- variation of information --- statistical scaling --- EEF method --- water monitoring --- maximum likelihood estimation --- GB2 distribution --- NDVI --- four-parameter exponential gamma distribution --- hydraulics --- spatial optimization --- Kolmogorov complexity --- bootstrap neural networks --- mutual information --- accelerating genetic algorithm --- groundwater depth --- rainfall --- tropical Pacific --- water engineering --- monthly streamflow forecasting --- ENSO --- nonlinear relation --- Bayesian technique --- non-point source pollution --- Burg entropy --- data-scarce --- scaling laws --- soil water content --- arid region --- land suitability evaluation --- information transfer --- hydrological risk analysis --- modeling --- water level --- Poyang Lake basin --- trend --- composite multiscale sample entropy --- flood frequency analysis --- canopy flow --- precipitation --- water resources --- complex systems --- frequency analysis --- optimization --- combined forecast --- neural network forecast --- entropy spectral analysis time series analysis --- environmental engineering --- hydrometric network --- sea surface temperature --- kernel density estimation --- robustness --- turbulent flow --- entropy production --- connection entropy --- flux concentration relation --- turbulence --- tropical rainfall --- generalized gamma (GG) distribution --- multi-events --- El Niño --- joint entropy --- entropy weighting method --- Anhui Province --- changing environment --- complexity --- multiplicative cascades --- Tsallis entropy --- Hexi corridor --- coherent structures --- water resources vulnerability --- uncertainty --- variability --- flow entropy --- Hei River basin --- fuzzy analytic hierarchy process --- substitute --- crop yield --- conditional entropy production --- entropy --- flow duration curve --- mean annual runoff --- temperature --- hydrometeorological extremes --- resilience --- Loess Plateau --- information entropy --- scaling --- water distribution networks --- cross entropy --- randomness --- forewarning model --- entropy applications --- quaternary catchment --- spatio-temporal variability --- probability distribution function --- ant colony fuzzy clustering --- radar --- continuous probability distribution functions --- Shannon entropy --- informational entropy --- information --- confidence intervals --- marginal entropy --- rainfall forecast --- entropy of information --- streamflow --- power laws --- bootstrap aggregating --- maximum entropy-copula method --- spatial and dynamics characteristic --- projection pursuit --- set pair analysis --- entropy theory --- water resource carrying capacity --- entropy parameter --- precipitation frequency analysis --- principle of maximum entropy --- information theory --- stochastic processes --- network design --- complement --- cross elasticity --- climacogram --- methods of moments --- hydrology --- bagging --- principle of maximum entropy (POME) --- rainfall network --- entropy ensemble filter --- ensemble model simulation criterion --- Lagrangian function --- Beta-Lognormal model --- cross-entropy minimization --- ANN --- configurational entropy --- variation of information --- statistical scaling --- EEF method --- water monitoring --- maximum likelihood estimation --- GB2 distribution --- NDVI --- four-parameter exponential gamma distribution --- hydraulics --- spatial optimization --- Kolmogorov complexity --- bootstrap neural networks --- mutual information --- accelerating genetic algorithm --- groundwater depth --- rainfall --- tropical Pacific --- water engineering --- monthly streamflow forecasting --- ENSO --- nonlinear relation --- Bayesian technique --- non-point source pollution --- Burg entropy --- data-scarce --- scaling laws --- soil water content --- arid region --- land suitability evaluation --- information transfer


Book
Adaptive Catchment Management and Reservoir Operation
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 303897739X 3038977381 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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River catchments and reservoirs play a central role in water security, food supply, flood risk management, hydropower generation, and ecosystem services; however, they are now under increasing pressure from population growth, economic activities, and changing climate means and extremes in many parts of the world. Adaptive management of river catchments and reservoirs requires an in-depth understanding of the impacts of future uncertainties and thus the development of robust, sustainable solutions to meet the needs of various stakeholders and the environment. To tackle the huge challenges in moving towards adaptive catchment management, this book presents the latest developments in cutting-edge knowledge, novel methodologies, innovative management strategies, and case studies, focusing on the following themes: reservoir dynamics and impact analysis of dam construction, optimal reservoir operation, climate change impacts on hydrological processes and water management, and integrated catchment management.

Keywords

downscaling --- suspended sediment concentration --- modeling --- South-to-North Water Transfer Project --- sensitivity analysis --- simulation --- protection zone --- reservoirs --- mussel --- sediment regime --- resilience and robustness --- optimal flood control operation --- multi-objective model --- optimization --- scenario analysis --- floodplain vertical shape index --- aftereffect --- lentic habitats --- energy --- stochastic linear programming --- ?-constrained method --- Tekeze basin --- runoff --- cascade reservoirs --- costs and benefits --- sediment flushing efficiency --- vulnerability --- Heihe River Basin --- TB-MPC --- heating impact --- flushing efficiency --- system dynamics --- Indian Monsoon --- shaft spillway pipe --- integrated supply system modeling --- seasonal rainfall --- sediment management --- design and operation of the multipurpose reservoir --- Kappa distribution --- CO2 --- reliability --- uncertainty --- Yangtze River --- Markov chain --- the Yangtze River --- Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model --- land and water resources --- integrated surface water-groundwater model --- Heilongjiang --- Kurobe River --- flow regime --- numerical simulation --- long distance water diversion --- tropical reservoir --- multi-stage stochastic optimization --- direct policy search --- inverted siphon --- environmental flow --- parameterization --- accompanying progressive optimality algorithm --- integrated management --- hydropower stations --- differential evolution algorithm --- sediment flushing of empty storage --- back propagation neural network --- NSGA-II --- two-dimensional bed evolution model --- real-time control --- upper Chao Phraya River Basin --- CMIP5 --- genetic algorithm --- dam --- irrigation --- CMIP3 --- water energy --- discharge --- the Jingjiang River Reach --- water environmental capacity (WEC) --- climate change --- shortage ratio: Vulnerability --- optimal scheduling --- hydrology --- Siemianówka --- ungauged basin --- game theory --- power function --- SWAT --- Dokan Dam --- natural flow regime --- bitterling --- reservoir flushing --- vertical profiles of concentration --- ratio curve --- partial gauged basin --- sediment load --- adaptive management --- water deficit --- the upper Yangtze River Basin --- Miyun Reservoir --- parameter relation --- stochastic dynamic programming --- NPP --- runoff response --- Narew River --- coupling model --- Langcang-Mekong River --- drinking water resources --- the Huangshi Reservoir --- reverse regulation --- nutrient uptake --- water resources allocation --- multi-agent of river basin --- HEC-ResPRM --- dynamic programming with progressive optimality algorithm (DP-POA) --- reservoir operation --- sea surface temperatures --- reservoir simulation model --- SWAT model --- El Niño/Southern Oscillation --- CORDEX-Africa --- hedging policy --- multi-objective optimization NSGA II --- reservoir --- general regression neural network --- flood control --- Jingjiang River Reach --- catchment modelling


Book
Entropy Applications in Environmental and Water Engineering
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Entropy theory has wide applications to a range of problems in the fields of environmental and water engineering, including river hydraulic geometry, fluvial hydraulics, water monitoring network design, river flow forecasting, floods and droughts, river network analysis, infiltration, soil moisture, sediment transport, surface water and groundwater quality modeling, ecosystems modeling, water distribution networks, environmental and water resources management, and parameter estimation. Such applications have used several different entropy formulations, such as Shannon, Tsallis, Reacutenyi Burg, Kolmogorov, Kapur, configurational, and relative entropies, which can be derived in time, space, or frequency domains. More recently, entropy-based concepts have been coupled with other theories, including copula and wavelets, to study various issues associated with environmental and water resources systems. Recent studies indicate the enormous scope and potential of entropy theory in advancing research in the fields of environmental and water engineering, including establishing and explaining physical connections between theory and reality. The objective of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for compiling important recent and current research on the applications of entropy theory in environmental and water engineering. The contributions to this Special Issue have addressed many aspects associated with entropy theory applications and have shown the enormous scope and potential of entropy theory in advancing research in the fields of environmental and water engineering.

Keywords

hydrological risk analysis --- modeling --- water level --- Poyang Lake basin --- trend --- composite multiscale sample entropy --- flood frequency analysis --- canopy flow --- precipitation --- water resources --- complex systems --- frequency analysis --- optimization --- combined forecast --- neural network forecast --- entropy spectral analysis time series analysis --- environmental engineering --- hydrometric network --- sea surface temperature --- kernel density estimation --- robustness --- turbulent flow --- entropy production --- connection entropy --- flux concentration relation --- turbulence --- tropical rainfall --- generalized gamma (GG) distribution --- multi-events --- El Niño --- joint entropy --- entropy weighting method --- Anhui Province --- changing environment --- complexity --- multiplicative cascades --- Tsallis entropy --- Hexi corridor --- coherent structures --- water resources vulnerability --- uncertainty --- variability --- flow entropy --- Hei River basin --- fuzzy analytic hierarchy process --- substitute --- crop yield --- conditional entropy production --- entropy --- flow duration curve --- mean annual runoff --- temperature --- hydrometeorological extremes --- resilience --- Loess Plateau --- information entropy --- scaling --- water distribution networks --- cross entropy --- randomness --- forewarning model --- entropy applications --- quaternary catchment --- spatio-temporal variability --- probability distribution function --- ant colony fuzzy clustering --- radar --- continuous probability distribution functions --- Shannon entropy --- informational entropy --- information --- confidence intervals --- marginal entropy --- rainfall forecast --- entropy of information --- streamflow --- power laws --- bootstrap aggregating --- maximum entropy-copula method --- spatial and dynamics characteristic --- projection pursuit --- set pair analysis --- entropy theory --- water resource carrying capacity --- entropy parameter --- precipitation frequency analysis --- principle of maximum entropy --- information theory --- stochastic processes --- network design --- complement --- cross elasticity --- climacogram --- methods of moments --- hydrology --- bagging --- principle of maximum entropy (POME) --- rainfall network --- entropy ensemble filter --- ensemble model simulation criterion --- Lagrangian function --- Beta-Lognormal model --- cross-entropy minimization --- ANN --- configurational entropy --- variation of information --- statistical scaling --- EEF method --- water monitoring --- maximum likelihood estimation --- GB2 distribution --- NDVI --- four-parameter exponential gamma distribution --- hydraulics --- spatial optimization --- Kolmogorov complexity --- bootstrap neural networks --- mutual information --- accelerating genetic algorithm --- groundwater depth --- rainfall --- tropical Pacific --- water engineering --- monthly streamflow forecasting --- ENSO --- nonlinear relation --- Bayesian technique --- non-point source pollution --- Burg entropy --- data-scarce --- scaling laws --- soil water content --- arid region --- land suitability evaluation --- information transfer


Book
Entropy Applications in Environmental and Water Engineering
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

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Bookmark

Abstract

Entropy theory has wide applications to a range of problems in the fields of environmental and water engineering, including river hydraulic geometry, fluvial hydraulics, water monitoring network design, river flow forecasting, floods and droughts, river network analysis, infiltration, soil moisture, sediment transport, surface water and groundwater quality modeling, ecosystems modeling, water distribution networks, environmental and water resources management, and parameter estimation. Such applications have used several different entropy formulations, such as Shannon, Tsallis, Reacutenyi Burg, Kolmogorov, Kapur, configurational, and relative entropies, which can be derived in time, space, or frequency domains. More recently, entropy-based concepts have been coupled with other theories, including copula and wavelets, to study various issues associated with environmental and water resources systems. Recent studies indicate the enormous scope and potential of entropy theory in advancing research in the fields of environmental and water engineering, including establishing and explaining physical connections between theory and reality. The objective of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for compiling important recent and current research on the applications of entropy theory in environmental and water engineering. The contributions to this Special Issue have addressed many aspects associated with entropy theory applications and have shown the enormous scope and potential of entropy theory in advancing research in the fields of environmental and water engineering.

Keywords

hydrological risk analysis --- modeling --- water level --- Poyang Lake basin --- trend --- composite multiscale sample entropy --- flood frequency analysis --- canopy flow --- precipitation --- water resources --- complex systems --- frequency analysis --- optimization --- combined forecast --- neural network forecast --- entropy spectral analysis time series analysis --- environmental engineering --- hydrometric network --- sea surface temperature --- kernel density estimation --- robustness --- turbulent flow --- entropy production --- connection entropy --- flux concentration relation --- turbulence --- tropical rainfall --- generalized gamma (GG) distribution --- multi-events --- El Niño --- joint entropy --- entropy weighting method --- Anhui Province --- changing environment --- complexity --- multiplicative cascades --- Tsallis entropy --- Hexi corridor --- coherent structures --- water resources vulnerability --- uncertainty --- variability --- flow entropy --- Hei River basin --- fuzzy analytic hierarchy process --- substitute --- crop yield --- conditional entropy production --- entropy --- flow duration curve --- mean annual runoff --- temperature --- hydrometeorological extremes --- resilience --- Loess Plateau --- information entropy --- scaling --- water distribution networks --- cross entropy --- randomness --- forewarning model --- entropy applications --- quaternary catchment --- spatio-temporal variability --- probability distribution function --- ant colony fuzzy clustering --- radar --- continuous probability distribution functions --- Shannon entropy --- informational entropy --- information --- confidence intervals --- marginal entropy --- rainfall forecast --- entropy of information --- streamflow --- power laws --- bootstrap aggregating --- maximum entropy-copula method --- spatial and dynamics characteristic --- projection pursuit --- set pair analysis --- entropy theory --- water resource carrying capacity --- entropy parameter --- precipitation frequency analysis --- principle of maximum entropy --- information theory --- stochastic processes --- network design --- complement --- cross elasticity --- climacogram --- methods of moments --- hydrology --- bagging --- principle of maximum entropy (POME) --- rainfall network --- entropy ensemble filter --- ensemble model simulation criterion --- Lagrangian function --- Beta-Lognormal model --- cross-entropy minimization --- ANN --- configurational entropy --- variation of information --- statistical scaling --- EEF method --- water monitoring --- maximum likelihood estimation --- GB2 distribution --- NDVI --- four-parameter exponential gamma distribution --- hydraulics --- spatial optimization --- Kolmogorov complexity --- bootstrap neural networks --- mutual information --- accelerating genetic algorithm --- groundwater depth --- rainfall --- tropical Pacific --- water engineering --- monthly streamflow forecasting --- ENSO --- nonlinear relation --- Bayesian technique --- non-point source pollution --- Burg entropy --- data-scarce --- scaling laws --- soil water content --- arid region --- land suitability evaluation --- information transfer

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