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Abstract concepts are often embodied through metaphor. For example, we talk about moving through time in metaphorical terms, as if we were moving through space, allowing us to 'look back' on past events. Much of the work on embodied metaphor to date has assumed a single set of universal, shared bodily experiences that motivate our understanding of abstract concepts. This book explores sources of variation in people's experiences of embodied metaphor, including, for example, the shape and size of one's body, one's age, gender, state of mind, physical or linguistic impairments, personality, ideology, political stance, religious beliefs, and linguistic background. It focuses on the ways in which people's experiences of metaphor fluctuate over time within a single communicative event or across a lifetime. Combining theoretical argument with findings from new studies, Littlemore analyses sources of variation in embodied metaphor and provides a deeper understanding of the nature of embodied metaphor itself.

Metaphor. --- Figures of speech. --- English language --- Imagery --- Speech, Figures of --- Tropes --- Rhetoric --- Symbolism --- Parabole --- Figures of speech --- Reification --- Metaphor

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An examination of metaphor in poetry as a microcosm of the human imagination--a way to understand the mechanisms of creativity. In The Spider's Thread , Keith Holyoak looks at metaphor as a microcosm of the creative imagination. Holyoak, a psychologist and poet, draws on the perspectives of thinkers from the humanities -- poets, philosophers, and critics -- and from the sciences -- psychologists, neuroscientists, linguists, and computer scientists. He begins each chapter with a poem--by poets including Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Sylvia Plath, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, Theodore Roethke, Du Fu, William Butler Yeats, and Pablo Neruda--and then widens the discussion to broader notions of metaphor and mind. Holyoak uses Whitman's poem "A Noiseless Patient Spider" to illustrate the process of interpreting a poem, and explains the relevance of two psychological mechanisms, analogy and conceptual combination, to metaphor. He outlines ideas first sketched by Coleridge--who called poetry "the best words in their best order"--and links them to modern research on the interplay between cognition and emotion, controlled and associative thinking, memory and creativity. Building on Emily Dickinson's declaration "the brain is wider than the sky," Holyoak suggests that the control and default networks in the brain may combine to support creativity. He also considers, among other things, the interplay of sound and meaning in poetry; symbolism in the work of Yeats, Jung, and others; indirect communication in poems; the mixture of active and passive processes in creativity; and whether artificial intelligence could ever achieve poetic authenticity. Guided by Holyoak, we can begin to trace the outlines of creativity through the mechanisms of metaphor.

Cognitive psychology --- Poetry --- Psychological study of literature --- Psychology and literature. --- Metaphor --- Psychological aspects. --- Parabole --- Figures of speech --- Reification --- Literature and psychology --- Literature

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Writing guides teach us to avoid mixed metaphors like 'that wet blanket is a loose cannon', and suggest that we should limit ourselves to one metaphor per paragraph. But clearly this is terrible advice. The 'Tomorrow, tomorrow, and tomorrow' speech in Macbeth packs six metaphors into a few lines, and is considered a literary masterpiece. Scientific descriptions of light and matter necessarily include conflicting metaphors because we don't have a perfect metaphor for these concepts. Whilst it's true that mixed metaphors can sound ignorant or confusing, what we really need is a more nuanced definition of mixed metaphors, and a better system for identifying their benefits and drawbacks in different contexts. In Mixed Metaphors: Their Use and Abuse, Karen Sullivan employs findings from linguistics and cognitive science to explore why some mixed metaphors are criticised but similar metaphors are praised. By using Conceptual Metaphor Theory, she demonstrates how, once we understand how metaphoric ideas are put together, we can better appreciate the different ways that metaphors can be mixed, and how audiences are likely to respond to these differences. By analysing over 100 metaphors from politicians, sportspeople, writers, and other public figures, Mixed Metaphors: Their Use and Abuse delineates how mixing occurs and identifies the characteristics that make mixed metaphors annoying, amusing or astounding.

Metaphor --- Paradox --- Ambiguity --- Figures of speech --- Logic --- Contradiction --- Parabole --- Reification --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Semantics --- Psychological aspects --- Métaphore --- Paradoxe --- Ambiguïté --- Aspect psychologique. --- Metaphor. --- Paradox. --- Ambiguity. --- Métaphore --- Ambiguïté

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Human beings rely equally on narrative (or storytelling) and metaphor (or analogy) for making sense of the world. Narrative and Metaphor in Education integrates the two perspectives of narrative and metaphor in educational theory and practice at every level from pre-school to lifelong civic education. Bringing together outstanding educational researchers, the book interweaves for the first time the rich strand of current research about how narrative may be used productively in education with more fragmentary research on the role of metaphor in education and invites readers to 'look both ways. 'The book consists of research by 40 academics from many countries and disciplines, describing and analysing the intricate connections between narrative and metaphor as they manifest themselves in many fields of education, including: concepts of education, teacher identity and reflective practice, teaching across cultures, teaching science and history, using digital and visual media in teaching, fostering reconciliation in a postcolonial context, special needs education, civic and social education and educational policy-making. It is unique in combining study of the narrative perspective and the metaphor perspective, and in exploring such a comprehensive range of topics in education. Narrative and Metaphor in Education will be of great interest to academics and researchers in the fields of education and educational policy, as well as teacher educators, practising and future teachers. It will also appeal to psychologists, sociologists, applied linguists and communications specialists.

Storytelling in education --- Narrative inquiry (Research method) --- Metaphor --- Narrative analysis (Research method) --- Narrative research (Research method) --- Narratological inquiry (Research method) --- Research --- Parabole --- Figures of speech --- Reification --- Education --- Social aspects --- Narrative inquiry --- Teaching --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Sociolinguistics

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"Think outside the box. Have a breakthrough. Avoid writer's block. In a time when people are increasingly curious about how to stand out from the crowd, the word 'creativity' can seem over-used and vague. What is it, really? In What It Means to Write, Adrian McKerracher examines the creative person in us all. His search takes him from Vancouver to Havana to Buenos Aires, where his mantra--I'm here to meet writers--leads to poignant new insights into a life of letters. Through encounters with artists of all kinds, famous or pedestrian, McKerracher traces a socio-cultural history of the meaning of writing, each vignette a meditation on the way that metaphor limits and liberates understanding. Creativity is a process, a possession, a relation, an algorithm, a game, and more. But the result goes far beyond an archive of the figurative. Along the way, a labyrinth of chance reunites him with old friends, threatens him with violence, and teases the invitation to remain forever in a place that is both real and imagined. His journey from cafés to libraries to late night living rooms embodies the structure of a bold new methodology for interpreting the complexity of creativity, demonstrating the tools for working productively with ambiguity and rebuilding meaning, one metaphor at a time. Told in character-driven narrative pulses that reflect on the nature of belonging, understanding, and loving, What It Means To Write is a celebration of the possibilities of both language and silence."--

Lexicology. Semantics --- Psycholinguistics --- Psychological study of literature --- Metaphor. --- Creative writing. --- Creative ability. --- Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.) --- Creative ability in art --- Creative ability in literature --- Art --- Imagination --- Inspiration --- Literature --- Creative ability --- Originality --- Creativeness --- Creativity --- Ability --- Writing (Authorship) --- Authorship --- Parabole --- Figures of speech --- Reification