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This book is Open Access under a CC BY licence.

Computer security. --- Software engineering. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer system performance. --- Computer science. --- Information theory. --- Systems and Data Security. --- Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- System Performance and Evaluation. --- Computing Milieux. --- Theory of Computation. --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Informatics --- Science --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Computer privacy --- Computer system security --- Computer systems --- Computers --- Cyber security --- Cybersecurity --- Electronic digital computers --- Protection of computer systems --- Security of computer systems --- Data protection --- Security systems --- Hacking --- Protection --- Security measures --- Computer system failures. --- Computers. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Computer failures --- Computer malfunctions --- Failure of computer systems --- System failures (Engineering) --- Fault-tolerant computing --- Failures --- Computer science --- Computer security --- Software engineering --- Artificial intelligence --- Computer system failures

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This textbook is an introduction to the use of formal methods ranging from semantics of key programming constructs to techniques for the analysis and verification of programs. The authors use program graphs as the mechanism for representing the control structure of programs in order to find a balance between generality and conceptual complexity. The early chapters on program graphs and the Guarded Commands language are sufficient introduction for most readers to then enjoy a plug-and-play approach to the remaining chapters. These explain formal methods for analysing the behaviour of programs in various ways ranging from verification, via program analysis and language-based security, to model checking. The remaining chapters present language extensions with procedures and concurrency and cover their semantics. The book is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in software development, and the text is supported throughout with exercises of varying grades of difficulty. The authors have developed an online learning environment that allows students to create examples beyond those covered in the main text, and in the book appendices they present programming projects aimed at implementing central parts of the development using the functional language F#.

Information theory. --- Software engineering. --- Theory of Computation. --- Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems. --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Formal methods (Computer science) --- System design --- Computers. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace