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An examination of different historical and cultural attitudes towards dogs and other canids.
Dogs --- Human-animal relationships. --- Canis canis --- Canis domesticus --- Canis familiarus --- Canis familiarus domesticus --- Canis lupus familiaris --- Dog --- Domestic dog --- Domestic animals --- Gray wolf --- Animal-human relationships --- Animal-man relationships --- Animals and humans --- Human beings and animals --- Man-animal relationships --- Relationships, Human-animal --- Animals --- Effect of human beings on. --- Social aspects.
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This paper quantitatively assesses the effects of inflation shocks on the public debt-to-GDP ratio in 19 advanced economies using simulation and estimation approaches. The simulations based on the debt dynamics equation and estimations of impulse responses by local projections both suggest that a 1 percentage point shock to inflation rate reduces the debt-to-GDP ratio by about 0.5 to 1 percentage points. The results also suggest that the impact is larger and more persistent when the debt maturity is longer, but the difference from the benchmark case is not significant. These results imply that modestly higher inflation, even if accompanied by some financial repression, could reduce public debt burden only marginally in many advanced economies.
Banks and Banking --- Financial Risk Management --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy --- Stabilization --- Treasury Policy --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- Public debt --- Debt reduction --- Long term interest rates --- Prices --- Asset and liability management --- Financial services --- Debts, Public --- Debts, External --- Interest rates --- United States
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This paper quantitatively assesses the effects of inflation shocks on the public debt-to-GDP ratio in 19 advanced economies using simulation and estimation approaches. The simulations based on the debt dynamics equation and estimations of impulse responses by local projections both suggest that a 1 percentage point shock to inflation rate reduces the debt-to-GDP ratio by about 0.5 to 1 percentage points. The results also suggest that the impact is larger and more persistent when the debt maturity is longer, but the difference from the benchmark case is not significant. These results imply that modestly higher inflation, even if accompanied by some financial repression, could reduce public debt burden only marginally in many advanced economies.
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Toen in 1993 het Nero-album Barbarijse vijgen verscheen, stelde geestelijke vader Marc Sleen zijn nieuwe medewerker Dirk Stallaert voor aan zijn lezers. Tien jaar lang zal Stallaert Nero in beeld brengen en naar nieuwe creatieve toppen sturen. Sleen legt zich toe op het uitwerken van scenario’s, en laat zijn fantasie daarbij de vrije loop. Met een reeks meesterlijke albums als resultaat. Tot aan het einde van de reeks in 2002 zou Stallaert tweeënveertig verhalen tekenen, die in Nero: de Stallaert jaren in tien verzorgde volumes worden gebundeld. De strips worden gepubliceerd in hun oorspronkelijke vorm, bestemd voor de feuilletonpublicatie in de krant De Standaard. Het achtergronddossier is van de hand van Nero-exegeten Yves Kerremans en Noël Slangen.
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This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the determination and evolution of inflation expectations, with a focus on emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). The results suggest that long-term inflation expectations in EMDEs are not as well anchored as those in advanced economies, despite notable improvements over the past two decades. Indeed, in EMDEs, long-term inflation expectations are more sensitive to both domestic and global inflation shocks. However, EMDEs tend to be more successful in anchoring inflation expectations in the presence of an inflation targeting regime, high central bank transparency, strong trade integration, and a low level of public debt.
Developing Economies --- Economic Adjustment and Lending --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Structures --- Inflation --- Inflation Expectations --- International Economics and Trade --- International Trade and Trade Rules --- Macroeconomic Management --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Monetary Policy
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