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How can small cities make an impact in a globalizing world dominated by ‘world cities’ and urban development strategies aimed at increasing agglomeration? This book addresses the challenges of smaller cities trying to put themselves on the map, attract resources and initiate development. Placemaking has become an important tool for driving urban development that is sensitive to the needs of communities. This volume examines the development of creative placemaking practices that can help to link small cities to external networks, stimulate collaboration and help them make the most of the opportunities presented by the knowledge economy. The authors argue that the adoption of more strategic, holistic placemaking strategies that engage all stakeholders can be a successful alternative to copying bigger places. Drawing on a range of examples from around the world, they analyse small city development strategies and identify key success factors. This book focuses on the case of ‘s-Hertogenbosch, a small Dutch city that used cultural programming to link itself to global networks and stimulate economic, cultural, social and creative development. It advocates the use of cultural programming strategies as a more flexible alternative to traditional top-down planning approaches and as a means of avoiding copying the big city.
small town --- image --- development plan --- economic development --- artistic creation --- cultural policy --- collaborative economy --- public-private partnership --- knowledge economy --- public-private partnership. --- knowledge economy.
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This ethnography of personhood in post-genocide Rwanda investigates how residents of a small town grapple with what kinds of persons they ought to become in the wake of violence. Based on fieldwork carried out over the course of a decade, it uncovers how conflicting moral demands emerge from the 1994 genocide, from cultural contradictions around “good” personhood, and from both state and popular visions for the future. What emerges is a profound dissonance in town residents’ selfhood. While they strive to be agents of change who can catalyze a new era of modern Rwandan nationhood, they are also devastated by the genocide and struggle to recover a sense of selfhood and belonging in the absence of kin, friends, and neighbors. In drawing out the contradictions at the heart of self-making and social life in contemporary Rwanda, this book asserts a novel argument about the ordinary lives caught in global post-conflict imperatives to remember and to forget, to mourn and to prosper.
Self --- Collective memory --- National characteristics, Rwandan. --- Reconciliation. --- Social aspects --- Rwanda --- Butare (Rwanda) --- History --- Peace. --- Social conditions --- 1990s world history. --- biographical. --- ethnographic. --- ethnography. --- mourn. --- murdered. --- nationhood. --- personhood. --- post conflict society. --- prosper. --- psychology. --- recovery. --- rhetoric. --- rwanda genocide. --- rwandans. --- selfhood. --- small town. --- social life. --- sociology. --- victims of violence.
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This paper utilizes information from the 2015 Nigeria National Water and Sanitation Survey to identify the extent, timing, as well as reasons for the failure of water points. The paper finds that more than 38 percent of all improved water points are nonfunctional. The results indicate that nearly 27 percent of the water points are likely to fail in the first year of construction, while nearly 40 percent are likely to fail in the long run (after 8-10 years). The paper considers the reasons behind these failures, looking at whether they can or cannot be controlled. During the first year, a water point's location-the political region and underlying hydrogeology-has the greatest impact on functionality. Other factors-specifically, those that can be controlled in the design, implementation, and operational stages-also contribute significantly. As water points age, their likelihood of failure is best predicted by factors that cannot be modified, as well as by the technology used. The paper concludes that, to improve the sustainability of water points, much can be done at the design, implementation, and operational stages. Over time, technology upgrades are important.
Access To Water --- Drinking Water --- Engineering --- Environment --- Environmental Engineering --- Health and Sanitation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hydrology --- Inequality --- Poverty Reduction --- Rural & Small Town Water & Sanitation --- Rural Development --- Rural Water --- Rural Water Supply and Sanitation --- Safe Water Supply --- Sanitary Environmental Engineering --- Sanitation and Sewerage --- Science and Technology Development --- Small Private Water Supply Providers --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water & Human Health --- Water And Sanitation --- Water Resources --- Water Schemes --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation Economics
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