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The seventeenth-century missionary and diplomat Father Antônio Vieira once observed that Brazil was nourished, animated, sustained, served, and conserved by the "sad blood" of the "black and unfortunate souls" imported from Angola. In The Trade in the Living, Luiz Felipe de Alencastro demonstrates how the African slave trade was an essential element in the South Atlantic and in the ongoing cohesion of Portuguese America, while at the same time the concrete interests of Brazilian colonists, dependent on Angolan slaves, were often violently asserted in Africa, to ensure men and commodities continued to move back and forth across the Atlantic. In exposing this intricate and complementary relationship between two non-European continents, de Alencastro has fashioned a new and challenging examination of colonial Brazil, one that moves beyond its relationship with Portugal to discover a darker, hidden history.

Slavery --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- History --- Brazil --- Angola --- al-Barāzīl --- Barāzīl --- Brasil --- Brasile --- Brasilia --- Brasilië --- Brasilien --- Brazili --- Brazili Federativlă Respubliki --- Brazilia --- Brazilië --- Brazilii︠a︡ --- Brazilii︠a︡ Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Braziliya --- Braziliya Federativ Respublikası --- Brazilská federativní republika --- Brazylia --- Brésil --- Burajiru --- Federale Republiek van Brasilië --- Federative Republic of Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Federat︠s︡iėm Respublikė Brazil --- Fedėratyŭnai︠a︡ Rėspublika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Gweriniaeth Ffederal Brasil --- Pa-hsi --- Pa-se --- Pa-se Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok --- Pederatibong Republika sa Brasil --- Pindorama --- República Federal del Brasil --- Republica Federale di u Brasile --- Republica Federativa del Brazil --- República Federativa do Brasil --- Rèpublica fèdèrativa du Brèsil --- Republik Kevreel Brazil --- République fédérative du Brésil --- Tantasqa Republika Wrasil --- Tetã Pindorama --- Wrasil --- Федэратыўная Рэспубліка Бразілія --- Федеративна република Бразилия --- Федерациэм Республикэ Бразил --- Бразил --- Бразили --- Бразили Федеративлă Республики --- Бразилия --- Бразилия Федератив Республикаhы --- Бразілія --- البرازيل --- برازيل --- ブラジル --- Anghūlā --- Colónia de Angola (Portugal) --- Estado de Angola (Portugal) --- Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika Angoly --- People's Republic of Angola --- Portugiesisch Westafrika --- Portuguese West Africa --- Province d'Angola (Portugal) --- Província de Angola (Portugal) --- R.P.A. --- Republic of Angola --- República de Angola --- República Popular de Angola --- République populaire d'Angola --- RPA --- Volksrepublik Angola --- Angola (Revolutionary government in exile, 1962-1975) --- Foreign relations --- Enslaved persons