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Book
How to fall slower than gravity : and other everyday (and not so everyday) uses of mathematics and physical reasoning
Author:
ISBN: 0691185026 Year: 2018 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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Abstract

An engaging collection of intriguing problems that shows you how to think like a mathematical physicistPaul Nahin is a master at explaining odd phenomena through straightforward mathematics. In this collection of twenty-six intriguing problems, he explores how mathematical physicists think. Always entertaining, the problems range from ancient catapult conundrums to the puzzling physics of a very peculiar kind of glass called NASTYGLASS-and from dodging trucks to why raindrops fall slower than the rate of gravity. The questions raised may seem impossible to answer at first and may require an unexpected twist in reasoning, but sometimes their solutions are surprisingly simple. Nahin's goal, however, is always to guide readers-who will need only to have studied advanced high school math and physics-in expanding their mathematical thinking to make sense of the curiosities of the physical world.The problems are in the first part of the book and the solutions are in the second, so that readers may challenge themselves to solve the questions on their own before looking at the explanations. The problems show how mathematics-including algebra, trigonometry, geometry, and calculus-can be united with physical laws to solve both real and theoretical problems. Historical anecdotes woven throughout the book bring alive the circumstances and people involved in some amazing discoveries and achievements.More than a puzzle book, this work will immerse you in the delights of scientific history while honing your math skills.

Keywords

Mathematics --- Almost surely. --- Ambiguity. --- Antiderivative. --- Approximation error. --- Arthur C. Clarke. --- Binomial coefficient. --- Binomial theorem. --- Birthday problem. --- Calculation. --- Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. --- Center of mass (relativistic). --- Centrifugal force. --- Closed-form expression. --- Coefficient. --- Combination. --- Computational problem. --- Conjecture. --- Continued fraction. --- Contradiction. --- Coprime integers. --- Counterexample. --- Crossover distortion. --- Cubic function. --- Derivative. --- Detonation. --- Diameter. --- Dimensional analysis. --- Dirac delta function. --- Disquisitiones Arithmeticae. --- Dissipation. --- Energy level. --- Enola Gay. --- Equation. --- Error. --- Expected value. --- Fermat's Last Theorem. --- Fictitious force. --- G. H. Hardy. --- Geometry. --- Googol. --- Gravitational constant. --- Gravity. --- Grayscale. --- Harmonic series (mathematics). --- Hypotenuse. --- Instant. --- Integer. --- Inverse-square law. --- Irrational number. --- MATLAB. --- Mass ratio. --- Mathematical joke. --- Mathematical physics. --- Mathematical problem. --- Mathematician. --- Mathematics. --- Mean value theorem. --- Metric system. --- Minicomputer. --- Monte Carlo method. --- Natural number. --- Oliver Heaviside. --- Paul J. Nahin. --- Pauli exclusion principle. --- Periodic function. --- Phase transition. --- Prime factor. --- Prime number. --- Probability theory. --- Probability. --- Projectile. --- Pure mathematics. --- Quadratic equation. --- Quadratic formula. --- Quantity. --- Quantum mechanics. --- Quintic function. --- Random number. --- Random search. --- Random walk. --- Remainder. --- Resistor. --- Richard Feynman. --- Right angle. --- Second derivative. --- Simulation. --- Slant range. --- Small number. --- Special case. --- Square root. --- Summation. --- The Drunkard's Walk. --- Theorem. --- Thermodynamic equilibrium. --- Thought experiment. --- Trepidation (astronomy). --- Uniform distribution (discrete). --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Weightlessness. --- Zero of a function.


Book
The Mathematics of Shock Reflection-Diffraction and von Neumann's Conjectures
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1400885434 Year: 2018 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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This book offers a survey of recent developments in the analysis of shock reflection-diffraction, a detailed presentation of original mathematical proofs of von Neumann's conjectures for potential flow, and a collection of related results and new techniques in the analysis of partial differential equations (PDEs), as well as a set of fundamental open problems for further development.Shock waves are fundamental in nature. They are governed by the Euler equations or their variants, generally in the form of nonlinear conservation laws-PDEs of divergence form. When a shock hits an obstacle, shock reflection-diffraction configurations take shape. To understand the fundamental issues involved, such as the structure and transition criteria of different configuration patterns, it is essential to establish the global existence, regularity, and structural stability of shock reflection-diffraction solutions. This involves dealing with several core difficulties in the analysis of nonlinear PDEs-mixed type, free boundaries, and corner singularities-that also arise in fundamental problems in diverse areas such as continuum mechanics, differential geometry, mathematical physics, and materials science. Presenting recently developed approaches and techniques, which will be useful for solving problems with similar difficulties, this book opens up new research opportunities.

Keywords

Shock waves --- Von Neumann algebras. --- MATHEMATICS / Differential Equations / Partial. --- Algebras, Von Neumann --- Algebras, W --- Neumann algebras --- Rings of operators --- W*-algebras --- C*-algebras --- Hilbert space --- Shock (Mechanics) --- Waves --- Diffraction --- Diffraction. --- Mathematics. --- A priori estimate. --- Accuracy and precision. --- Algorithm. --- Andrew Majda. --- Attractor. --- Banach space. --- Bernhard Riemann. --- Big O notation. --- Boundary value problem. --- Bounded set (topological vector space). --- C0. --- Calculation. --- Cauchy problem. --- Coefficient. --- Computation. --- Computational fluid dynamics. --- Conjecture. --- Conservation law. --- Continuum mechanics. --- Convex function. --- Degeneracy (mathematics). --- Demetrios Christodoulou. --- Derivative. --- Dimension. --- Directional derivative. --- Dirichlet boundary condition. --- Dirichlet problem. --- Dissipation. --- Ellipse. --- Elliptic curve. --- Elliptic partial differential equation. --- Embedding problem. --- Equation solving. --- Equation. --- Estimation. --- Euler equations (fluid dynamics). --- Existential quantification. --- Fixed point (mathematics). --- Flow network. --- Fluid dynamics. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Free boundary problem. --- Function (mathematics). --- Function space. --- Fundamental class. --- Fundamental solution. --- Fundamental theorem. --- Hyperbolic partial differential equation. --- Initial value problem. --- Iteration. --- Laplace's equation. --- Linear equation. --- Linear programming. --- Linear space (geometry). --- Mach reflection. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Mathematical physics. --- Mathematical problem. --- Mathematical proof. --- Mathematical theory. --- Mathematician. --- Melting. --- Monotonic function. --- Neumann boundary condition. --- Nonlinear system. --- Numerical analysis. --- Parameter space. --- Parameter. --- Partial derivative. --- Partial differential equation. --- Phase boundary. --- Phase transition. --- Potential flow. --- Pressure gradient. --- Quadratic function. --- Regularity theorem. --- Riemann problem. --- Scientific notation. --- Self-similarity. --- Special case. --- Specular reflection. --- Stefan problem. --- Structural stability. --- Subspace topology. --- Symmetrization. --- Theorem. --- Theory. --- Truncation error (numerical integration). --- Two-dimensional space. --- Unification (computer science). --- Variable (mathematics). --- Velocity potential. --- Vortex sheet. --- Vorticity. --- Wave equation. --- Weak convergence (Hilbert space). --- Weak solution.

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