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Okinawan life, at the crossroads of American militarism and Japanese capitalism, embodies a fundamental contradiction to the myth of the monoethnic state. Suspended in a state of exception, Okinawans have never been officially classified as colonial subjects of the Japanese empire or the United States, nor have they ever been treated as equal citizens of Japan. As a result, they live amid one of the densest concentrations of U.S. military bases in the world. By bringing Foucauldian biopolitics into conversation with Japanese Marxian theorizations of capitalism, Alegal uncovers Japan’s determination to protect its middle class from the racialized sexual contact around its mainland bases by displacing them onto Okinawa, while simultaneously upholding Okinawa as a symbol of the infringement of Japanese sovereignty figured in terms of a patriarchal monoethnic state. This symbolism, however, has provoked ambivalence within Okinawa. In base towns that facilitated encounters between G.I.s and Okinawan women, the racial politics of the United States collided with the postcolonial politics of the Asia Pacific. Through close readings of poetry, reportage, film, and memoir on base-town life since 1945, Shimabuku traces a continuing failure to “become Japanese.” What she discerns instead is a complex politics surrounding sex work, tipping with volatility along the razor’s edge between insurgency and collaboration. At stake in sovereign power’s attempt to secure Okinawa as a military fortress was the need to contain alegality itself—that is, a life force irreducible to the legal order. If biopolitics is the state’s attempt to monopolize life, then Alegal is a story about how borderland actors reclaimed the power of life for themselves. In addition to scholars of Japan and Okinawa, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in postcolonialism, militarism, mixed-race studies, gender and sexuality, or the production of sovereignty in the modern world.

Miscegenation --- Military bases, American --- Soldiers --- Biopolitics --- History --- Social aspects --- Sexual behavior --- Okinawa-shi (Japan) --- Political behavior --- Human behavior --- Political science --- Sociobiology --- Armed Forces personnel --- Members of the Armed Forces --- Military personnel --- Military service members --- Service members --- Servicemen, Military --- Armed Forces --- American military bases --- Hybridity of races --- Racial amalgamation --- Racial crossing --- Race relations --- Racially mixed people --- Okinawa City (Japan) --- Okinawa, Japan --- Koza-shi (Japan) --- Misato-son (Okinawa-ken, Japan) --- Japanese Marxism. --- Japanese New Left. --- Japanese proletarian literature. --- Okinawa. --- U.S. military prostitution. --- biopolitics. --- lumpenproletariat. --- mixed-race studies. --- postcolonial Japanese studies. --- transpacific studies.

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Continental shelf. --- Economic zones (Law of the sea). --- Islands --- J3400 --- J3453.90 --- J3479.80 --- J3485 --- J4812.12 --- J4812.14 --- J4812.19 --- J4813.61 --- K9234.10 --- K9551.11 --- S09/0415 --- Territorial waters. --- Territory, National --- Law and legislation. --- Japan: Geography and local history -- Honshū and Japan in general. --- Japan: Geography and local history -- Chūgoku -- Shimane prefecture (Izumo, Iwami, Oki) -- rivers, mountains and other natural features. --- Japan: Geography and local history -- Okinawa and Ryūkyū -- cities, districts, towns and villages. --- Japan: Geography and local history -- northern territories. --- Japan: International politics and law -- international relations, policy and security -- Asia -- Korea (South). --- Japan: International politics and law -- international relations, policy and security -- Asia -- China. --- Japan: International politics and law -- international relations, policy and security -- Asia -- others in East Asia (Siberia, Northern territories). --- Japan: International politics and law -- international relations, policy and security -- Europe -- Russia, Soviet Union (USSR, CCCP). --- Korea: Geography and local history -- Kyŏngsang-pukto -- Dokdo (Tokdo, Takeshima, Liancourt rocks). --- Korea: International politics, law and relations -- Asia -- Japan. --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Japan. --- History --- Economic zones (Law of the sea) --- Continental shelf --- Territorial waters --- Limit, Three-mile (Territorial waters) --- Marginal sea (Territorial waters) --- Maritime belt (Territorial waters) --- Territorial sea --- Three-mile limit (Territorial waters) --- Bodies of water --- Jurisdiction, Territorial --- Contiguous zones (Law of the sea) --- Innocent passage (Law of the sea) --- Law of the sea --- Continental margins --- International law --- Economic zones (Maritime law) --- Exclusive economic zones (Law of the sea) --- Patrimonial sea (Law of the sea) --- Law and legislation --- Japan: Geography and local history -- Honshū and Japan in general --- Japan: Geography and local history -- northern territories --- Japan: Geography and local history -- Okinawa and Ryūkyū -- cities, districts, towns and villages --- Japan: Geography and local history -- Chūgoku -- Shimane prefecture (Izumo, Iwami, Oki) -- rivers, mountains and other natural features --- Japan: International politics and law -- international relations, policy and security -- Asia -- China --- Japan: International politics and law -- international relations, policy and security -- Asia -- Korea (South) --- Japan: International politics and law -- international relations, policy and security -- Asia -- others in East Asia (Siberia, Northern territories) --- Japan: International politics and law -- international relations, policy and security -- Europe -- Russia, Soviet Union (USSR, CCCP) --- Korea: Geography and local history -- Kyŏngsang-pukto -- Dokdo (Tokdo, Takeshima, Liancourt rocks) --- Korea: International politics, law and relations -- Asia -- Japan --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Japan