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Peut-on définir la liberté individuelle comme une propriété de soi? Les libertariens contemporains l’affirment, et ils concluent que les individus ne sont libres que lorsque la société et l’État qui la représente respectent inconditionnellement le droit de chacun sur sa propre personne. L’organisation sociale de la solidarité est donc un crime contre la liberté parce qu’elle contraint les uns à mettre leur travail, et donc une partie de leur personne, à la disposition des autres. Face à ce dogme, les progressistes ont eu tendance à rejeter toute idée d’appliquer le concept de propriété à la personne mais, revers de la médaille, ils ont de ce fait ouvert la porte à un moralisme de la dignité qui n’est pas sans dangers. On peut cependant échapper à ce dilemme en montrant que c’est la version libertarienne du concept de propriété qui est en cause et non son application à la personne. Si la propriété est une norme d’existence collective qui doit être rationnellement acceptable, il est possible d’en reconstruire la notion en y incluant des obligations envers les tiers, de telle sorte que le principe de la propriété de soi devient partie intégrante d’une théorie adéquate de la liberté individuelle. Il est bien vrai que le droit de chacun sur sa propre personne est un droit de propriété, mais il est socialement construit et non pas naturel; il est en outre conditionnel et non pas inconditionnel, puisqu’il n’est légitime que s’il tient compte des besoins d’indépendance des tiers.
Droit --- Propriété --- Liberté. --- Libertarianisme. --- Philosophie. --- Philosophie --- Freedom --- Property --- Libertarianism --- Philosophy --- Law --- Property - Philosophy --- Law - Philosophy
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In this monograph a fundamental distinction is made between law and juridical thinking. Law is the content of legal rules and the systems of legal rules. Juridical thinking is the handling of the law by the lawyers. To this distinction corresponds a basic distinction between the language of law and the language of juridical thinking, and correlatively, between L-concepts (law concepts) and J-concepts (juridical or jurisprudential concepts). The monograph is devoted to the J-concepts, especially of technical (not ideological or evaluative) J-concepts. Four kinds of J-concepts are investigated: morphological J-concepts, those that help us to structure the law in a logical and functional way; topological J-concepts, those that help us to indicate the phenomena to which the law is applicable, and to separate the areas of application for different legal systems; praxeological J-concepts, those that help us to explore the relations between law and action, and methodological J-concepts, those that help us to describe the methods of the professional-juridical handling of the law. The work can be characterised as presenting a lawyer´s philosophy of law.
Law --- Law (Philosophical concept) --- Law (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Jurisprudence --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy of law. --- Sociology-Research. --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- Philosophy of Law. --- Research Methodology. --- Law—Philosophy. --- Law. --- Political science. --- Sociology—Research. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Legislation
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This book explores how Hobbes's political philosophy has occupied a pertinent place in different contexts, and how his interpreters see their own images reflected in him, or how they define themselves in contrast to him. Appropriating Hobbes argues that there is no Hobbes independent of the interpretations that arise from his appropriation in these various contexts and which serve to present him to the world. There is no one perfect context that enables us to get at what Hobbes 'really meant', despite the numerous claims to the contrary. He is almost indistinguishable from the context in which he is read. This contention is justified with reference to hermeneutics, and particularly the theories of Gadamer, Koselleck, and Ricoeur, contending that through a process of 'distanciation' Hobbes's writings have been appropriated and commandeered to do service in divergent contexts such as philosophical idealism; debates over the philosophical versus historical understanding of texts; as well as in ideological disputations, and emblematic characterisations of him by various disciplines such as law, politics, and international relations. This volume illustrates the capacity of a text to take on the colouration of its surroundings by exploring and explicating the importance of contexts in reading and understanding how and why particular interpretations of Hobbes have emerged, such as those of Carl Schmitt and Michael Oakeshott, or the international jurists of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries.
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Que signifie être responsable de ses actes ? Dans ce texte court et élégant, Giorgio Agamben propose une généalogie de nos croyances morales. Ce n’est pas la liberté qui fonde la responsabilité, mais une articulation entre le droit et la punition caractéristique de l’Occident. Pour comprendre ce qu’est une « cause » et pourquoi l’homme est considéré comme la cause de ses actions, il faut en revenir à la scène inaugurale du procès. Derrière la morale, on découvre la cruauté pénale. L’auteur d’Homo Sacer poursuit sa remise en cause du dispositif juridique qui enserre les vies humaines. Pour la première fois, il confronte ce dispositif à la tradition bouddhiste. De proche en proche, c’est une tout autre conception de l’action qui s’énonce dans ce livre
Responsabilité --- Philosophie de l'action --- Law and ethics --- Law --- Free will and determinism --- Act (Philosophy) --- Responsibility --- Philosophy --- Responsabilité. --- Philosophie de l'action. --- Law - Philosophy
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This edited volume examines the very essence of the function of judges, building upon developments in the quality of justice research throughout Europe. Distinguished authors address a gap in the literature by considering the standards that individual judgments should meet, presenting both academic and practical perspectives. Readers are invited to consider such questions as: What is expected from judicial reasoning? Is there a general concept of good quality with regard to judicial reasoning? Are there any attempts being made to measure the quality of judicial reasoning? The focus here is on judges meeting the highest standards possible in adjudication and how they may be held to account for the way they reason. The contributions examine theoretical questions surrounding the measurement of the quality of judicial reasoning, practices and legal systems across Europe, and judicial reasoning in various international courts. Six legal systems in Europe are featured: England and Wales, Finland, Italy, the Czech Republic, France and Hungary as well as three non-domestic levels of court jurisdictions, including the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The depth and breadth of subject matter presented in this volume ensure its relevance for many years to come. All those with an interest in benchmarking the quality of judicial reasoning, including judges themselves, academics, students and legal practitioners, can find something of value in this book.
Justice, Administration of --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law . --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- Law—Philosophy. --- Law. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Choice of law --- Conflict of laws --- Intermunicipal law --- International law, Private --- International private law --- Private international law --- Law --- Legal polycentricity --- Civil law
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Pour affronter les actes criminels les plus sensibles, la justice des « experts » tend à se substituer à celle des jurys populaires. Face à cette réalité, l'auteure affirme que chacun d'entre nous est capable de construire une perspective personnelle et critique, d'aller au-delà des idées reçues, autrement dit de se hisser au niveau d'une philosophie de la justice en actes. Ces actes doivent être les trois fondements de la citoyenneté en démocratie : penser - délibérer - juger. En nous rendant accessible la pensée des grands théoriciens de la justice, de la politique et de la citoyenneté, de Platon et Aristote à Nussbaum en passant par Hume, Smith, Tocqueville, Arendt, Rawls et Sen, mais aussi en confrontant les cultures juridiques contemporaines des mondes anglophone et francophone, Sophie Klimis nous offre des éclairages nouveaux pour penser le fait juridique. À partir d'une réflexion sur le classique du cinéma 12 Hommes en colère, des témoignages de ses étudiantes et étudiants ainsi que des exemples que fournit l'actualité, elle nous propose un questionnement actif sur la justice, l'appartenance à une communauté politique et la condition même de l'humanité.
Justice (philosophie) --- Justice pénale --- Jury. --- Démocratie. --- Justice sociale. --- Administration --- Participation des citoyens --- Practice of law --- Judicial process --- Justice (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Participation des citoyens. --- Practice of law - Philosophy --- Justice pénale --- Démocratie.
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This book provides the first comprehensive discussion of conflicts between legal bases in EU law. It fills an important gap in the existing literature on the choice of legal basis in EU law by analysing the structure of legal bases and the resulting legal basis litigation in the European Union, thus identifying areas of conflict produced by overlapping competences, divergent inter-institutional interests, and inconsistencies in the courts’ judgements. While certain cases have been discussed extensively in academic literature (e.g. Tobacco Advertising, ECOWAS), there has been little analysis of the general underlying criteria and principles governing the choice of legal basis on the part of European institutions. Such an analysis has, however, become necessary in order to better understand and possibly predict judicial outcomes, and to identify flaws in the current legislative framework.
Conflict of laws --- European Union --- E.U. --- Law and legislation. --- European Union. --- European Law. --- Fundamentals of Law. --- European Union Politics. --- Law—Europe. --- Law—Philosophy. --- Law. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation
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This book presents a broad overview of succession law, encompassing aspects of family law, testamentary law and legal history. It examines society and legal practice in Europe from the Middle Ages to the present from both a legal and a sociological perspective. The contributing authors investigate various aspects of succession law that have not yet been thoroughly examined by legal historians, and in doing so they not only add to our knowledge of past succession law but also provide a valuable key to interpreting and understanding current European succession law. Readers can explore such issues as the importance of a fathers permission to marry in relation to disinheritance, as well as inheritance transactions and private, dynastic and cross-border successions. Further themes addressed by the expert contributors include womens inheritance rights, the laws of succession for the prince in legal consulting, and succession in the Rota Romanas jurisprudence.
Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- European law --- Law --- History --- geschiedenis --- Europees recht --- Europe --- European Law. --- International law. --- Law. --- Legal History. --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- History. --- Philosophy.
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In this follow-up to 'The Constitutional State', Nick Barber sets out how the principle of societal good should shape constitutions, in particular the composition and relationships of state institutions. Coverage includes sovereignty, the separation of powers, the rule of law, subsidiarity, democracy, and civil society. Following on from his critically acclaimed The Constitutional State, in this new study Nick Barber explores how the principles of constitutionalism structure and influence successful states. Far from acting solely as a mechanism to limit state powers, Barber contends that constitutionalism and its associated principles require that the state be structured to advance the well-being of its people. An attractive and satisfying account of constitutionalism, and, by derivation, of the state, can only be reached if the principles of constitutionalism are seen as interlocking parts of a broader doctrine. This holistic study of the relationship between the constitutional state and six of its principles - sovereignty; the separation of powers; the rule of law; subsidiarity; democracy; and civil society - casts light on long-standing debates over the meaning and implications of constitutionalism. The book provides a concise introduction to constitutionalism and a detailed account of the nature and implications of each of the six principles in question, as well as an examination of the methodological challenge of the criteria that a successful interpretation of these principles would satisfy. It concludes with an examination of the relevance of these principles to the work of judges, legislators, and others involved in the operation and creation of the constitution. A timely contribution to constitutional theory, this book is essential reading for those seeking a fresh take on the nature of the state and its potential to enhance society.
Constitutional law - Philosophy. --- Political science. --- State, The. --- State, The --- Social groups --- Constitutional law --- Association --- Group dynamics --- Groups, Social --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Social participation --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- Political science --- Philosophy
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“Admirers of Machiavelli’s ideas and style will enjoy this slim and provocative book which addresses a topic dear to the Florentine secretary: the role of elites in society and politics. James Sherry adds a new twist by taking account of the work of twentieth century ‘Machiavellians’ such as Gaetano Mosca, early James Burnham, as well as the networks described by ecologists. The result is a smart and ironic view of the contemporary networks of oligarchs, in business as well as in politics and society. Readers interested in such different topics as populism, corporate business, high-level politics and the inevitable Donald Trump will find food for thought—accompanied by Machiavellian wit.” –Giovanni Giorgini, Professor of Political Theory, University of Bologna, Italy and Princeton University, USA “500 years after Machiavelli, James Sherry offers us a modern [and wide-ranging] treatise on the oligarchs who now rule our world and how they gain and maintain power. One wonders if the pejorative “Sherryan” will be hurled at the power plays of future oligarchs.” –Jeff Cohen, Director, Park Center for Independent Media, Ithaca College, USA This book was written from an earlier text, Machiavelli’s The Prince, to show how changes in thinking and in governance work by divergence rather than by romantic revolution or vulgar principles of evolution. The assumptions around change of form are reflected in the way the prior text relates to and diverges from the current book. This notion, derived from theoretical environmentalism and systems analysis, makes change easier to understand and requires fewer contortions than some of the received theories of political systems that pit the rulers against the people, failing to show how conflict of interest among leading cadres is the primary driver of political events. James Sherry is the author of 12 books of criticism and poetry, most recently Oops! Environmental Poetics (2013) and Entangled Bank (2016). He is the editor of Roof Books, a literary press (roofbooks.com) in New York City, USA.
Corporate governance. --- Governance, Corporate --- Industrial management --- Directors of corporations --- Political science. --- Political theory. --- Political economy. --- Literature-Philosophy. --- Popular Science in Political Science and International Relations. --- Political Theory. --- International Political Economy. --- Governance and Government. --- Literary Theory. --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Economic man --- Literature—Philosophy. --- Law—Philosophy. --- Law. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation
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