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Recovery is gaining strength, while inflation has been declining and the tenge has continued to float. Export growth—driven by oil, metals, and mining—has reduced the current account deficit. State support to banks led to a higher fiscal deficit in 2017, although there was underlying adjustment. The 2018 budget foresees further adjustment and ambitious spending reforms. Consolidation is set to continue over the medium term to rebuild buffers. The authorities have taken major steps to secure financial sector stability, but actions have been costly financially and risks remain. More work is needed, especially to overhaul bank business models and address gaps in supervision. Progress is being made on flagship structural reforms (business climate, governance), although, in practice, the measures taken have yet to prove their effectiveness in full. Efforts should continue to support greater productivity, inclusivity, connectivity, and diversification. Risks relate to oil prices and slower growth in key trading partners (Russia, China, EU).

Kazakhstan, Republic of

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Selected Issues.

Kazakhstan, Republic of

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Tulös est une bergère kazakhe que j'ai connue en 1993. Dans les pâturages, cette ancienne voisine de yourte est l'objet de plaisanteries en raison de son comportement décalé et de sa coquetterie. Avec le temps, elle se met à divaguer et finit par délaisser son foyer. Au printemps 2010, je la retrouve alors qu'elle poursuit une initiation. Elle est aujourd'hui bagsi, c'est-à-dire chaman soufi. Au Ladakh, Padma est lha mo, à savoir oracle. De sa mère, sa grand-mère et son arrière-grand-mère, elle hérite la faculté d'être investie par un lha une divinité. Sa grand-mère l'initie et le Rinpoché du monastère de Stakna l'autorise à exercer en reconnaissant la présence de la divinité qui vient régulièrement la visiter et parle par sa bouche. Entendre, percevoir, éprouver les invisibles. Ce livre porte sur un ensemble de pratiques contemporaines typiquement qualifiées de chamanisme. Au Kazakhstan comme au Ladakh, le monde ordinaire est peuplé de manifestations d'invisibles (ancêtres, esprits, divinités). Une longue enquête auprès de médiateurs - bagsis (chamans soufis kazakhs) et lha mo ou lha pa (oracles ladakhi) - révèle toute l'importance de la circulation de la parole dans la communication entre les humains et les invisibles. Il s'agit de collaborer avec les invisibles afin de présumer l'ordre des mondes aussi bien que les équilibres sociaux. Cela requiert une clairvoyance particulière, une perception aiguisée du milieu, une aptitude à reconnaître les moindres signes de l'environnement : tout un savoir du monde.

Shamanism --- Ethnology --- Ladākh (India) --- Kazakhstan --- Chamanisme --- Ethnologie --- Kazakhstan. --- Ladākh (Inde) --- Ladākh (India) --- Shamanism - Kazakhstan --- Shamanism - Ladākh (India) --- Ethnology - Kazakhstan --- Ethnology - Ladākh (India)

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"For generations, Kazakh fishers have set out on to the frozen Ishim River in the hope of catching fish beneath the ice. The Ishim flows through the country's capital, Astana, a high-rise, futuristic city that was built virtually from scratch in the 1990s, when the exploitation of Kazakhstan's oil reserves began. The city is intended to be an emblem of post-Soviet modernity and a hallmark of the country's entrance into the global economy. On the ice, the fishermen brave temperatures that often reach forty degrees below zero. While they fish, they protect themselves from the harsh weather with salvaged pieces of plastic, patched together from discarded packaging or rice bags found outside markets selling western, Chinese and Russian goods. By looking at the appropriation of these imported materials and their subsidiary application, Kondratyev illuminates the material flow of global capitalism and its effect on local, nomadic practices. Tracking this flow reveals the point at which international trade policy meets individual lives."--Publisher's website.

Landscape photography --- International trade --- Fishers --- Fishing --- Environmental aspects --- Kazakhstan --- Ishim River (Kazakhstan and Russia) --- Economic conditions

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Benchmarking (Management) --- Benchmarks (Management) --- Total quality management --- Kazakhstan. --- Cazaquistão --- Ha-sa-ssu-tʻan kung ho kuo --- Hasake si tan gong he guo --- Kasachstan --- Kazachstan --- Kazafusutan --- Ḳazaḥsṭan --- Kazak Respublikasy --- Kazakh S.S.R. --- Kazakistan --- Kazakstan --- Qazāqistān --- Qazaqstan --- Qazaqstan Respublikasy --- Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy --- Republic of Kazakhstan --- Republic of Kazakstan --- Respublika Kazakhstan