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With growth in Europe and Central Asia likely at its peak, this report addresses two questions. Howwell is the region prepared for an expected slowdown? How well has the economic upswing beenused to adjust to the digital revolution? The report specifically focuses on cryptocurrency andblockchain activities in the region.

Economic Forecasts --- Global Value Chains --- Shift To High-Skill Intensive Report --- Tradable Services --- Trade --- Transition

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We are running out of water, robots will take our jobs, we are eating ourselves to an early death, old age pension and health systems are bankrupting governments, and an immigration crisis is unravelling the European integration project. A growing number of nightmares, perfect storms, and global catastrophes create fear of the future. One response is technocratic optimism - we'll invent our way out of these impending crises. Or we'll simply ignore them as politically too hot to handle, too uncomfortable for experts - denied until crisis hits. History is littered with late lessons from early warnings. Cynicism is an excuse for inaction. Populism flourishes in the depths of despair. Despite the gloom, there is another way to look at the future. We don't have to be pessimistic or optimistic - we can find realistic hope. This book is written by an international and influential collection of future shapers. It is aimed at anyone who is interested in learning to refresh the present, forge new common ground, and redesign the future.

Forecasting. --- Social prediction. --- Prediction, Social --- Social forecasting --- Sociological prediction --- Forecasting --- Sociology --- Social indicators --- Forecasts --- Futurology --- Prediction --- Statistical methods --- future, globalism, global challenges, optimism, global governance, innovation.

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Public sector balance sheets provide the most comprehensive picture of public wealth. They bring together all the accumulated assets and liabilities that the government controls, including public corporations, natural resources, and pension liabilities. They thus account for the entirety of what the state owns and owes, offering a broader fiscal picture beyond debt and deficits. Most governments do not provide such transparency, thereby avoiding the additional scrutiny it brings. Better balance sheet management enables countries to increase revenues, reduce risks, and improve fiscal policymaking. There is some empirical evidence that financial markets are increasingly paying attention to the entire government balance sheet and that strong balance sheets enhance economic resilience. This issue of the Fiscal Monitor presents a new database that shows comprehensive estimates of public sector assets and liabilities for a broad sample of 31 countries, covering 61 percent of the global economy, and provides tools to analyze and manage public wealth. Estimates of public wealth reveal the full scale of public assets and liabilities. Assets are worth US$101 trillion or 219 percent of GDP in the sample. This includes 120 percent of GDP in public corporation assets. Also included are natural resources that average 110 percent of GDP among the large natural-resource-producing countries. Recognizing these assets does not negate the vulnerabilities associated with the standard measure of general government public debt, comprising 94 percent of GDP for these countries. This is only half of total public sector liabilities of 198 percent of GDP, which also includes 46 percent of GDP in already accrued pension liabilities. Once governments understand the size and nature of public assets, they can start managing them more effectively. Potential gains from better asset management are considerable. Revenue gains from nonfinancial public corporations and government financial assets alone could be as high as 3 percent of GDP a year, equivalent to annual corporate tax collections across advanced economies. In addition, considerable gains could be realized from government nonfinancial assets. Public assets are a significant resource, and how governments use and report on them matters, not just for financial reasons, but also in terms of improving service delivery and preventing the misuse of resources that often results from a lack of transparency.

Forecasting --- Accounting --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Civil service & public sector --- Computer Programs: Other --- Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology --- Debt Management --- Debt --- Debts, Public --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Economic forecasting --- Economic sectors --- Environment --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Environmental management --- Finance --- Finance, Public --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- Financial statements --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal policy --- Fiscal risks --- Fiscal stance --- Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt --- Macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts --- Macroeconomics --- Natural Resources --- Natural resources --- Public Administration --- Public debt --- Public Enterprises --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Public sector --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Sovereign Debt --- Statistics --- United States

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“A must-read for scholars (and reflective practitioners) interested in change, time, strategy, and innovation.” —Haridimos Tsoukas, Columbia Ship Management Professor of Strategic Management, University of Cyprus, and Distinguished Research Environment Professor of Organization Studies, Warwick Business School “A peek into forthcoming research on how organizations deal with futures, I would recommend this book to anyone interested in this topic, which is both theoretically interesting and practically important.” —Raghu Garud, Alvin H. Clemens Professor of Management and Organization, Pennsylvania State University, USA This pioneering edited collection explores the question of how organizations manage the future. Moving away from traditional research which focuses on the past, the editors problematize the future as an inherent but under-examined part of organizing. Arguing that the future acts as both a driver of and a performative result of organizing, the book asks how organizations conceptualize and deal with the future and what processes are in place to handle things to come. With empirical research examining the practices, discourses and concepts that play key roles, organizations and their approaches are scrutinized. A timely compendium of theoretical discussion and practical implications on the relevance of the future, this book is essential reading for those interested in organization, sociology and management studies.

Forecasting. --- Business. --- Leadership. --- Project management. --- Organization. --- Planning. --- Personnel management. --- Economic sociology. --- Business and Management. --- Project Management. --- Business Strategy/Leadership. --- Human Resource Management. --- Organizational Studies, Economic Sociology. --- Forecasts --- Futurology --- Prediction --- Organisation --- Management --- Ability --- Command of troops --- Followership --- Industrial project management --- Corporations --- Employment management --- Human resource management --- Human resources management --- Manpower utilization --- Personnel administration --- Public administration --- Employees --- Employment practices liability insurance --- Supervision of employees --- Personnel management --- Economic sociology --- Economics --- Socio-economics --- Socioeconomics --- Sociology of economics --- Sociology --- Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.) --- Executive ability --- Organization --- Social aspects

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China’s high national savings rate—one of the highest in the world—is at the heart of its external/internal imbalances. High savings finance elevated investment when held domestically, or lead to large external imbalances when they flow abroad. Today, high savings mostly emanate from the household sector, resulting from demographic changes induced by the one-child policy and the transformation of the social safety net and job security that occured during the transition from planned to market economy. Housing reform and rising income inequality also contribute to higher savings. Moving forward, demographic changes will put downward pressure on savings. Policy efforts in strengthening the social safety net and reducing income inequality are also needed to reduce savings further and boost consumption.

Saving and investment --- Demography --- Income distribution --- Historical demography --- Social sciences --- Population --- Vital statistics --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General --- Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Public finance & taxation --- Income --- Social assistance spending --- Consumption --- Income inequality --- Disposable income --- National accounts --- Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Economics --- National income --- China, People's Republic of