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Book
Reflections of Employers' Gender Preferences in Job Ads in India : An Analysis of Online Job Portal Data
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

Using online job portal data and probabilistic regression estimations, the paper investigates the explicit gender bias and salary gap in the Indian job market, reflected in more than 800,000 job recruitment advertisements. Exploring formal and informal sector occupations, the study finds high existence of employers' gender bias in hiring. Explicit gender preferences are highly job specific, and it is common to mention the preferred gender in job ads, which, in general, favor men over women. Although ads for professional occupations exhibit less explicit gender bias, they are not gender neutral. In all types of professional jobs, irrespective of the share of ads with preference for men or women, on average, ads targeting men specify/offer much higher salary. Employers in elementary sectors as well as blue-collar jobs express more segregated gender preference. The findings support the existing research that argues women are more preferred in low-quality, low-status, typically low-paid informal jobs. Targeting women for low-quality jobs explains half of the mean offered salary gap specified in ads; the rest is direct gender bias. The paper also suggests that, with the rise of new technology and sectors, gender bias in hiring in those new types of jobs is expected to decline.


Book
The secret life of science : how it really works and why it matters
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ISBN: 1400889308 Year: 2018 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press,

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A revealing and provocative look at the current state of global scienceWe take the advance of science as given. But how does science really work? Is it truly as healthy as we tend to think? How does the system itself shape what scientists do? The Secret Life of Science takes a clear-eyed and provocative look at the current state of global science, shedding light on a cutthroat and tightly tensioned enterprise that even scientists themselves often don't fully understand.The Secret Life of Science is a dispatch from the front lines of modern science. It paints a startling picture of a complex scientific ecosystem that has become the most competitive free-market environment on the planet. It reveals how big this ecosystem really is, what motivates its participants, and who reaps the rewards. Are there too few scientists in the world or too many? Are some fields expanding at the expense of others? What science is shared or published, and who determines what the public gets to hear about? What is the future of science? Answering these and other questions, this controversial book explains why globalization is not necessarily good for science, nor is the continued growth in the number of scientists. It portrays a scientific community engaged in a race for limited resources that determines whether careers are lost or won, whose research visions become the mainstream, and whose vested interests end up in control.The Secret Life of Science explains why this hypercompetitive environment is stifling the diversity of research and the resiliency of science itself, and why new ideas are needed to ensure that the scientific enterprise remains healthy and vibrant.

Keywords

Science --- Scientists --- Communication in science. --- Discoveries in science. --- Social aspects. --- Methodology. --- Training of. --- Professional employees --- Scientific method --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Breakthroughs, Scientific --- Discoveries, Scientific --- Scientific breakthroughs --- Scientific discoveries --- Creative ability in science --- Research --- Communication in research --- Science communication --- Science information --- Scientific communications --- Science and society --- Sociology of science --- Academic publishing. --- Advertising. --- Analogy. --- Applied science. --- Apprenticeship. --- Author. --- Basic research. --- Basic science (psychology). --- Big Science. --- Biochemistry. --- Biologist. --- Biology. --- Blog. --- Brand. --- Career. --- Climate change. --- Collaboration. --- Competition. --- Competitiveness. --- Consortium. --- Credibility. --- Currency. --- Diagram. --- Dissemination. --- Doctor of Philosophy. --- Douglas Hofstadter. --- Ecology. --- Ecosystem services. --- Ecosystem. --- Editorial. --- Electron microscope. --- Electronic publishing. --- Emerging technologies. --- Employment. --- Energy development. --- Engineering. --- Experiment. --- Funding of science. --- Funding. --- Globalization. --- High tech. --- Human resources. --- IT Works. --- Impact factor. --- Income. --- Infrastructure. --- Institution. --- Internship. --- James Gleick. --- Journalism. --- Know-how. --- Lecture. --- Materials science. --- Molecule. --- Nanotechnology. --- Narrative. --- Natural resource. --- Nature of Science. --- New Scientist. --- Newspaper. --- Nobel Prize. --- Particle accelerator. --- Particle physics. --- Peer review. --- Physical chemistry. --- Physicist. --- Politician. --- Popular science. --- Postdoctoral researcher. --- Prediction. --- Problem solving. --- Project. --- Publication. --- Publicity. --- Publishing. --- Quantum mechanics. --- Reputation. --- Research and development. --- Research associate. --- Research program. --- Salary. --- Scaffolding. --- Science fiction. --- Science journalism. --- Science policy. --- Science project. --- Science. --- Scientific American. --- Scientific method. --- Scientist. --- Statistic. --- Subatomic particle. --- Subsidy. --- Suggestion. --- Tax. --- Technology. --- Wealth. --- Web of Science. --- Writing. --- Year.

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