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This book provides a comprehensive, in-depth overview of elementary mathematics as explored in Mathematical Olympiads around the world. It expands on topics usually encountered in high school and could even be used as preparation for a first-semester undergraduate course. This second volume covers Plane Geometry, Trigonometry, Space Geometry, Vectors in the Plane, Solids and much more. As part of a collection, the book differs from other publications in this field by not being a mere selection of questions or a set of tips and tricks that applies to specific problems. It starts from the most basic theoretical principles, without being either too general or too axiomatic. Examples and problems are discussed only if they are helpful as applications of the theory. Propositions are proved in detail and subsequently applied to Olympic problems or to other problems at the Olympic level. The book also explores some of the hardest problems presented at National and International Mathematics Olympiads, as well as many essential theorems related to the content. An extensive Appendix offering hints on or full solutions for all difficult problems rounds out the book.
Mathematics. --- Convex geometry. --- Discrete geometry. --- Polytopes. --- Projective geometry. --- Convex and Discrete Geometry. --- Projective Geometry. --- Discrete groups. --- Groups, Discrete --- Infinite groups --- Discrete mathematics --- Geometry, Modern --- Geometry, Plane. --- Plane. --- Plane geometry --- Convex geometry . --- Geometry --- Projective geometry --- Hyperspace --- Topology --- Combinatorial geometry
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This book consists of contributions from experts, presenting a fruitful interplay between different approaches to discrete geometry. Most of the chapters were collected at the conference “Geometry and Symmetry” in Veszprém, Hungary from 29 June to 3 July 2015. The conference was dedicated to Károly Bezdek and Egon Schulte on the occasion of their 60th birthdays, acknowledging their highly regarded contributions in these fields. While the classical problems of discrete geometry have a strong connection to geometric analysis, coding theory, symmetry groups, and number theory, their connection to combinatorics and optimization has become of particular importance. The last decades have seen a revival of interest in discrete geometric structures and their symmetry. The rapid development of abstract polytope theory has resulted in a rich theory featuring an attractive interplay of methods and tools from discrete geometry, group theory and geometry, combinatorial group theory, and hyperbolic geometry and topology. This book contains papers on new developments in these areas, including convex and abstract polytopes and their recent generalizations, tiling and packing, zonotopes, isoperimetric inequalities, and on the geometric and combinatorial aspects of linear optimization. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, both junior and senior, in the field of discrete geometry, combinatorics, or discrete optimization. Graduate students find state-of-the-art surveys and an open problem collection. .
Mathematics. --- Convex geometry. --- Discrete geometry. --- Polytopes. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Combinatorics. --- Convex and Discrete Geometry. --- Optimization. --- Geometry --- Combinatorial geometry --- Math --- Science --- Discrete groups. --- Optimization (Mathematics) --- Optimization techniques --- Optimization theory --- Systems optimization --- Mathematical analysis --- Maxima and minima --- Operations research --- Simulation methods --- System analysis --- Combinatorics --- Algebra --- Groups, Discrete --- Infinite groups --- Discrete mathematics --- Convex geometry . --- Hyperspace --- Topology
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This volume contains 17 surveys that cover many recent developments in Discrete Geometry and related fields. Besides presenting the state-of-the-art of classical research subjects like packing and covering, it also offers an introduction to new topological, algebraic and computational methods in this very active research field. The readers will find a variety of modern topics and many fascinating open problems that may serve as starting points for research.
Geometry. --- Mathematics --- Euclid's Elements --- Discrete groups. --- Combinatorics. --- Topology. --- Convex and Discrete Geometry. --- Polytopes. --- Analysis situs --- Position analysis --- Rubber-sheet geometry --- Geometry --- Polyhedra --- Set theory --- Algebras, Linear --- Combinatorics --- Algebra --- Mathematical analysis --- Groups, Discrete --- Infinite groups --- Discrete mathematics --- Convex geometry . --- Discrete geometry. --- Hyperspace --- Topology --- Combinatorial geometry --- Convex geometry. --- Discrete mathematics. --- Discrete Mathematics. --- Discrete mathematical structures --- Mathematical structures, Discrete --- Structures, Discrete mathematical --- Numerical analysis
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Mathematical statistics --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Algebraic geometry -- Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.) --- Algebraic geometry -- Real algebraic and real analytic geometry -- Semialgebraic sets and related spaces. --- Algebraic geometry -- Special varieties -- Determinantal varieties. --- Algebraic geometry -- Special varieties -- Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra. --- Algebraic geometry -- Tropical geometry -- Tropical geometry. --- Biology and other natural sciences -- Genetics and population dynamics -- Problems related to evolution. --- Commutative algebra -- Computational aspects and applications -- GrÃjabner bases; other bases for ideals and modules (e.g., Janet and border bases) --- Convex and discrete geometry -- Polytopes and polyhedra -- Lattice polytopes (including relations with commutative algebra and algebraic geometry) --- Operations research, mathematical programming -- Mathematical programming -- Integer programming. --- Probability theory and stochastic processes -- Markov processes -- Markov chains (discrete-time Markov processes on discrete state spaces) --- Statistics -- Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.) --- Statistics -- Multivariate analysis -- Contingency tables. --- Statistics -- Parametric inference -- Hypothesis testing. --- Commutative algebra -- Computational aspects and applications -- Solving polynomial systems; resultants.
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This volume, dedicated to the memory of the great American mathematician Bertram Kostant (May 24, 1928 – February 2, 2017), is a collection of 19 invited papers by leading mathematicians working in Lie theory, representation theory, algebra, geometry, and mathematical physics. Kostant’s fundamental work in all of these areas has provided deep new insights and connections, and has created new fields of research. This volume features the only published articles of important recent results of the contributors with full details of their proofs. Key topics include: Poisson structures and potentials (A. Alekseev, A. Berenstein, B. Hoffman) Vertex algebras (T. Arakawa, K. Kawasetsu) Modular irreducible representations of semisimple Lie algebras (R. Bezrukavnikov, I. Losev) Asymptotic Hecke algebras (A. Braverman, D. Kazhdan) Tensor categories and quantum groups (A. Davydov, P. Etingof, D. Nikshych) Nil-Hecke algebras and Whittaker D-modules (V. Ginzburg) Toeplitz operators (V. Guillemin, A. Uribe, Z. Wang) Kashiwara crystals (A. Joseph) Characters of highest weight modules (V. Kac, M. Wakimoto) Alcove polytopes (T. Lam, A. Postnikov) Representation theory of quantized Gieseker varieties (I. Losev) Generalized Bruhat cells and integrable systems (J.-H. Liu, Y. Mi) Almost characters (G. Lusztig) Verlinde formulas (E. Meinrenken) Dirac operator and equivariant index (P.-É. Paradan, M. Vergne) Modality of representations and geometry of θ-groups (V. L. Popov) Distributions on homogeneous spaces (N. Ressayre) Reduction of orthogonal representations (J.-P. Serre).
Lie groups. --- Lie algebras. --- Representations of groups. --- Group representation (Mathematics) --- Groups, Representation theory of --- Group theory --- Algebras, Lie --- Algebra, Abstract --- Algebras, Linear --- Lie groups --- Groups, Lie --- Lie algebras --- Symmetric spaces --- Topological groups --- Topological Groups. --- Group theory. --- Global differential geometry. --- Topological Groups, Lie Groups. --- Group Theory and Generalizations. --- Differential Geometry. --- Polytopes. --- Geometry, Differential --- Groups, Theory of --- Substitutions (Mathematics) --- Algebra --- Groups, Topological --- Continuous groups --- Topological groups. --- Differential geometry. --- Hyperspace --- Topology --- Differential geometry
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This work reviews the most important results regarding the use of the α-point in Scheduling Theory. It provides a number of different LP-relaxations for scheduling problems and seeks to explain their polyhedral consequences. It also explains the concept of the α-point and how the conversion algorithm works, pointing out the relations to the sum of the weighted completion times. Lastly, the book explores the latest techniques used for many scheduling problems with different constraints, such as release dates, precedences, and parallel machines. This reference book is intended for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students who are interested in scheduling theory. It is also inspiring for researchers wanting to learn about sophisticated techniques and open problems of the field.
Operations research. --- Scheduling. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Mathematics. --- Applied mathematics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Algorithms. --- Polytopes. --- Management science. --- Discrete mathematics. --- Operations Research, Management Science. --- Discrete Optimization. --- Applications of Mathematics. --- Discrete Mathematics. --- Operational analysis --- Operational research --- Industrial engineering --- Management science --- Research --- System theory --- Optimization (Mathematics) --- Optimization techniques --- Optimization theory --- Systems optimization --- Mathematical analysis --- Maxima and minima --- Operations research --- Simulation methods --- System analysis --- Time management --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Math --- Science --- Foundations --- Discrete mathematical structures --- Mathematical structures, Discrete --- Structures, Discrete mathematical --- Numerical analysis --- Hyperspace --- Topology --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Quantitative business analysis --- Management --- Problem solving --- Statistical decision --- Mathematics --- Operations Research, Management Science .
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