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Sewage --- Phosphorus --- Purification --- Phosphate removal --- Environmental aspects
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The goal of this book is to provide readers with a broad appraisal of topics in global advancements in theoretical and experimental facts, and practical applications of nano-HAp materials based on their synthesis, properties, prospects, and potential biomedical treatments. The perspective of this book involves the preparation of crystalline nano-HAP materials including preferential orientation, various properties and new prospects in biomimetics, bone tissue infections, biomedical implants, regenerative medicinal treatments and a wide range of technological applications. This book is categorized into two main sections: Hydroxyapatite: synthesis, properties, perspectives, and prospects; and the application of hydroxyapatite: a synergistic outlook. Individual chapters provide a base for a wide range of readers from diversified fields, including students and researchers, who will find in this book simply explained basics as well as advanced techniques of specific subjects related to these phenomena. The book is made up of nine contributions, compiled by experts from wide-ranging fields involved in biomaterials/materials in science and technology from over 15 research institutes across the globe.
Hydroxyapatite. --- Chemistry, Inorganic. --- Inorganic chemistry --- Chemistry --- Inorganic compounds --- Calcium phosphate hydroxide --- Hydroxylapatite --- Apatite --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Bioinorganic Chemistry --- Inorganic Chemistry
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Lithium batteries are now present in our everyday life, powering portable electronics, power tools, sustainable vehicles such as hybrids and electric, as well as back-up devices and electrochemical storage systems in renewable energy plants. Lithium-metal is the best choice of anode material, since it provides the lowest reduction potential (∼ -3.0 V versus SHE) as well as the lowest density (0.534 g.cm-3), which is responsible for high specific capacity (3.86 Ah.g-1) and energy density (1470 WhK.g-1). Lithium-metal based batteries (LMBs) seem thus to be the most promising technology for the implementation of high energy density storage devices. However, before their practical application, LMBs must face the issue of lithium dendrites growth, which is the main cause of internal short circuits and thermal run-away reactions. Today, the most widespread solution to face this problem is based on the replacement of conventional liquid electrolytes with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). This work is focused on solid polymer electrolytes (SPE), which are lightweight materials that provide flexibility, easy handling, long lifespan, wide electrochemical stability window as well as safety, by eliminating lithium dendrites growth. Hence, the first part of the thesis is dedicated to the synthesis of a triblock copolymer for solid-polymer electrolytes (SPEs) application in lithium-metal batteries. This triblock copolymer PPE-b-PEO-b-PPE covalently associates a poly(ethylene oxide) block that ensures ionic conduction with two poly(phosphate) side blocks. Since the poly(phosphate) blocks are characterised by a very low Tg (about -70°C), they will contribute to increase the mobility of PEO block and its amorphous phase, affording SPEs with enhanced ionic conductivity. The mechanical properties of the SPE synthesised were assessed by conducting tensile experiments, which showed a maximum Young modulus of 26 MPa. Cyclic voltammetry experiments displayed an electrochemical stability window ranging from 0 V to 5 V, which is in good agreement with general requirements. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis showed that triblock copolymer is stable until ~220°C; the solid polymer electrolyte proposed can thus be safely implemented in batteries, in a wide temperature range.
Solid-state electrolyte --- Lithium-metal battery --- Solid polymer electrolyte --- Triblock copolymer --- Poly(phosphate)-based copolymer --- Poly(phosphoester)-based copolymer --- Poly(phosphosphate) copolymer --- Poly(phosphoester) copolymer --- Poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer --- Poly(ethylene oxide)-based copolymer --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie
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This book presents a state-of-the-art review of the latest advances in developing calcium- phosphate bone cements and their applications. It covers the synthesis methods, characterization approaches, material modification and novel binders, as well as the fabrication technologies of calcium-phosphate-based biomaterials in regenerative medicine and their clinical applications. It also highlights methodologies for fabricating scaffolds, biofunctional surfaces/interfaces and subsequently modulating the host response to implantable/injectable materials, and integrates a series of discussions and insights into calcium-phosphate cements and constructs in bone regenerative medicine. As such, the book not only covers the fundamentals but also opens new avenues for meeting future challenges in research and clinical applications. .
Materials science. --- Orthopedics. --- Regenerative medicine. --- Tissue engineering. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Biomaterials. --- Materials Science. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering. --- Bone cements. --- Calcium phosphate --- Development. --- Calcium salts --- Phosphates --- Acrylic resins --- Adhesives in surgery --- Plastics in surgery --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Orthopaedics --- Orthopedia --- Surgery --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Biomedical engineering --- Materials --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Regenerative medicine --- Tissue culture --- Regeneration (Biology) --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials)
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