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This book provides wide-ranging information on current clinical and scientific knowledge on the various aspects of fissure sealing. Trends in the epidemiology of caries are first examined, followed by thorough description of the morphology of pits and fissures and types of sealant. The role of sealants in the prevention of caries is discussed. Diagnostic parameters are presented, along with step-by-step descriptions of clinical procedures for fissure sealing. Chapters are also included on alternative techniques of fissure sealing, sealing of carious fissures, and therapeutic fissure sealing. The final chapter in the book focuses on the cost effectiveness of the procedure. Tooth surfaces with pits and fissures are particularly vulnerable to caries development. Sealants were developed to help manage these sites of the tooth and safeguard the surfaces from decay. This book has been written by acknowledged experts in the field. It will be of value for all dental professionals seeking to deepen their understanding of current knowledge on the science and the clinical application of pit and fissure sealants.

Pit and fissure sealants (Dentistry) --- Dentistry. --- Dental surgery --- Odontology --- Surgery, Dental --- Medicine --- Oral medicine --- Teeth --- Fissure sealants (Dentistry) --- Occlusal sealants --- Dental adhesives --- Dental resins --- Sealing compounds

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This book describes the challenges that deep carious lesions pose for dental practitioners, including the risk of endodontic complications and the difficulty of restorative treatment, and identifies options for overcoming these challenges on the basis of the best available evidence. The opening chapter sets the scene by discussing pathophysiology, histopathology, clinical symptomatology, and treatment thresholds. The various treatment options are then systematically presented and reviewed, covering non-selective, stepwise, and selective carious tissue removal and restoration, sealing of lesions using resin sealants or crowns, and non-restorative management approaches. In each case the current evidence with respect to the treatment is carefully evaluated. Advantages and disadvantages are explained and recommendations made on when to use the treatment in question. Illustrative clinical cases and treatment pathways for clinicians are included. This book will be of value for all practitioners who treat dental caries and carious lesions, whether in the permanent or the primary dentition. It will also be of interest to under- and postgraduate students in cariology and restorative, operative, preventive, and pediatric dentistry.

Dentistry. --- Dental surgery --- Odontology --- Surgery, Dental --- Dental caries. --- Teeth --- Diseases. --- Caries, Dental --- Cariology --- Cavities, Dental --- Decay, Tooth --- Dental cavities --- Tooth decay --- Dental medicine --- Dental pathology --- Medicine, Dental --- Pathology, Dental --- Diseases --- Medicine --- Oral medicine --- Dental Caries --- Pit and Fissure Sealants --- therapy. --- therapeutic use. --- Caries dental --- Dientes --- Libros electrónicos

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This unique book presents innovative and state-of-the-art computational models for determining the optimal truck–loader selection and allocation strategy for use in large and complex mining operations. The authors provide comprehensive information on the methodology that has been developed over the past 50 years, from the early ad hoc spreadsheet approaches to today’s highly sophisticated and accurate mathematical-based computational models. The authors’ approach is motivated and illustrated by real case studies provided by our industry collaborators. The book is intended for a broad audience, ranging from mathematicians with an interest in industrial applications to mining engineers who wish to utilize the most accurate, efficient, versatile and robust computational models in order to refine their equipment selection and allocation strategy. As materials handling costs represent a significant component of total costs for mining operations, applying the optimization methodology developed here can substantially improve their competitiveness.

Strip mining --- Equipment and supplies. --- Engineering. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computational intelligence. --- Transportation engineering. --- Traffic engineering. --- Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Engineering, Traffic --- Road traffic --- Street traffic --- Traffic, City --- Traffic control --- Traffic regulation --- Urban traffic --- Highway engineering --- Transportation engineering --- Civil engineering --- Engineering --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Open-cast mining --- Open-cut mining --- Open-pit mining --- Surface mining --- Mining engineering --- Traffic Engineering. --- Artificial Intelligence.