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This book employs different parametric and non-parametric panel data models which have been used in history of developed panel data efficiency measurement literature. It assesses the differences of models based on characteristics and efficiency scores measurement using a systematic sensitivity analysis of the results. On the whole twelve parametric and four nonparametric models were studied. Parametric models are classified in four groups in terms of the assumptions made on the temporal behavior of inefficiency. A common issue among all the parametric models is that inefficiency is individual producer-specific. This is consistent with the notion of measuring the efficiency of decision-making units. Non-parametric models are divided into partial and full frontier models. A main contribution of this volume is that it helps to understand differences between parametric and non-parametric models. On empirical part of the volume, technical efficiency of two agricultural strategic crops (cotton and sugar beet) in different provinces of the Iran are analyzed. Using different models, the most efficient and inefficient provinces in cotton and sugar beet production of Iran are recognized.

Microeconomics --- Economic growth --- Economics --- Agronomy --- economie --- landbouwbeleid --- micro-economie --- economische groei --- Middle East --- Iran --- North Africa --- Middle East—Economic conditions. --- Microeconomics. --- Agricultural economics. --- Economic growth. --- Middle Eastern and North African Economics. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Economic Growth.

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This edited volume introduces the political, social and economic intra-Kurdish dynamics in the Middle East by comparatively analyzing the main actors, their ideas, and political interests. As an ethnic group and a nation in the making, Kurds are not homogeneous and united but rather the Kurdish Middle East is home to various competing political groups, leaderships, ideologies, and interests. Although many existing studies focus on the Kurds and their relations with the nation-states that they populate, few studies analyze the Kurdish Middle East within its own debates, conflicts and interests from a comparative perspective across Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria. This book analyzes the intra-Kurdish dynamics with historically-grounded, theoretically-informed, and conceptually-relevant scholarship that prioritizes comparative politics over international relations. .

Kurds --- Politics and government. --- Ethnology --- Iranians --- Middle East-Politics and governm. --- Middle East-History. --- Middle East—Economic conditions. --- Peace. --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- History of the Middle East. --- Middle Eastern and North African Economics. --- Conflict Studies. --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- International relations --- Disarmament --- Peace-building --- Security, International --- War --- Middle East—Politics and government. --- Middle East—History.

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This book examines, in greater depth than the existing literature, the history of Islamic economic thought. It seeks to introduce Islamic views to debates surrounding critical economic concepts, such as scarcity, wealth, poverty, charity, usury, self-interest, rationality, and markets. It does so through a comparative analysis with the views of Judaic, Christian, and secular economic thought. “Prophecy” is meant to signify the theoretical dimension of religion, while “piety” represents its practical element; neither part is feasible without the other. Together, prophecy and piety inform the Islamic view of economic concepts and phenomena. This view seeks to adjust our approach to profits, both in this world and the next, and seeks to reexamine what is truly profitable and worthy of sacrifice.

Islam. --- Religion --- International economics. --- Economic history. --- Economics. --- Economic History. --- History of Economic Thought/Methodology. --- Middle Eastern and North African Economics. --- International Economics. --- History of Religion. --- History. --- Economics --- Wealth --- Religion and economics --- Religious aspects. --- Middle East—Economic conditions. --- Religion-History. --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Religion—History.

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This book employs different parametric and non-parametric panel data models which have been used in history of developed panel data efficiency measurement literature. It assesses the differences of models based on characteristics and efficiency scores measurement using a systematic sensitivity analysis of the results. On the whole twelve parametric and four nonparametric models were studied. Parametric models are classified in four groups in terms of the assumptions made on the temporal behavior of inefficiency. A common issue among all the parametric models is that inefficiency is individual producer-specific. This is consistent with the notion of measuring the efficiency of decision-making units. Non-parametric models are divided into partial and full frontier models. A main contribution of this volume is that it helps to understand differences between parametric and non-parametric models. On empirical part of the volume, technical efficiency of two agricultural strategic crops (cotton and sugar beet) in different provinces of the Iran are analyzed. Using different models, the most efficient and inefficient provinces in cotton and sugar beet production of Iran are recognized.

Microeconomics --- Economic growth --- Economics --- Agronomy --- economie --- landbouwbeleid --- micro-economie --- economische groei --- Middle East --- Iran --- North Africa --- Middle East—Economic conditions. --- Microeconomics. --- Agricultural economics. --- Economic growth. --- Middle Eastern and North African Economics. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Economic Growth. --- Development, Economic --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Agrarian question --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural production economics --- Agriculture --- Production economics, Agricultural --- Land use, Rural --- Price theory --- Economic aspects

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This volume focuses on the role of the private sector in diversifying the economics of Gulf countries in the post-petrodollar era, when fluctuating and declining oil prices are negatively impacting national expenditures. It explores current policies of countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council and their efforts to shift their economies away from heavy dependence on hydrocarbons. The structural changes will create favorable conditions for the private sector to flourish, shift production dependence from public to private sector, and allow for more efficient resource allocation. Such changes will also allow local banks to provide financial support to small and medium enterprises, boost entrepreneurship for job creation, and strengthen organizational structure and efficiency.  This is the first volume in Economic Diversification in the Gulf Region.

Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Political economy. --- Middle East—Economic conditions. --- Development economics. --- Economic development. --- International Political Economy. --- Middle Eastern and North African Economics. --- Development Economics. --- Regional Development. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- International economic relations. --- Africa, North—Economic conditions. --- Regionalism. --- International Political Economy’. --- Middle Eastern/North African Economics. --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Middle East --- Africa, North --- Economic conditions.