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The Western Congo Basin (WCB) defined here as comprising Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo is being rapidly emptied of its wild animals, with alarming rates of poaching in all four countries. High levels of poaching have numerous deleterious effects for sustainable development. In the WCB, efforts to protect wildlife have focused heavily on the establishment and management of protected areas, often within the context of a landscape-based approach that attempts to engage nearby communities and other land users. The low perceived value of forest wildlife resources for local communities is partially attributable to a lack of economic opportunities currently derivable from the sustainable management of wildlife assets. In a bid to help the WCB countries address this downward spiral, this study identifies approaches that can enhance the economic value of wildlife resources for local communities and governments as a contribution to poverty reduction, economic development, and conservation. It aims to do so at the regional and national levels as a single country cannot address this crisis given the fluidity of both borders and wildlife in the region. Naturally, the set and sequence of solutions most appropriate in any given setting will depend on a number of country-specific conditions. Nevertheless, the majority of the recommendations in this report apply to all four WCB countries. In that spirit, the study first provides an overview of the poaching crisis, using elephants as a case study to illustrate the scale of the problem (chapter 2). It then proceeds to analyze who the poachers are (chapter 3) to better understand drivers of poaching, while Chapter 4 analyzes the policy framework. Chapter 5 proposes approaches for creating economic value from wildlife, sharing it with communities, and creating the necessary underlying governance conditions, providing best-practice examples from other parts of the world. Chapter 6 presents conclusions.

Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Environmental Protection --- Environmentally Protected Areas --- Law and Development --- Law Enforcement Systems --- Poverty --- Poverty Reduction --- Tourism and Ecotourism --- Wildlife Resources

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This joint report by the World Bank and OECD identifies building blocks for more effective co-operation and is the first comprehensive global study of its kind. The content of the report is based on responses from 67 countries to a survey, which examined the organizational structure for investigating and prosecuting tax crime and corruption, as well as models for, and the experience of, inter-agency co-operation in fighting these crimes. The report found that further efforts are warranted to improve interagency cooperation, as only 55 percent of the surveyed countries require corruption investigators to report suspected tax crimes. And when it comes to information-sharing, even fewer countries mandate it - just 44 percent. The report presents a variety of lessons for overcoming barriers to cooperation and modalities through which cooperation can be effectuated.

Anticorruption --- Corporate governance and corruption --- Corruption --- Corruption and anticorruption law --- Crime and society --- Governance --- Income and asset disclosure --- Law and development --- Law enforcement --- Law enforcement systems --- Money laundering --- Private sector development --- Public sector development --- Social development --- Task forces --- Tax evasion --- Tax law