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Volcanoes --- Landslides --- Hazard mitigation --- Landslide hazard analysis --- Law and legislation

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Rockslides and Rock Avalanches of Central Asia: Distribution, Impacts, and Hazard Assessment arms scientists with an inclusive and specialized reference for future studies of large-scale bedrock landslides in Central Asia, a phenomenon that poses a major threat to local communities, infrastructure and industrial facilities. The book covers the Dzungaria, Tien Shan, and Pamir mountain systems that are characterized by arid climates and scarce forestation, and is an ideal reference for scientists searching for data that accurately summarizes bedrock landslides through the analyses of a multitude of case studies that have applications in comparable, global scenarios. Through its relatively low precipitation and good preservation of minor geomorphic features, particularly those formed by past landslides, this region provides opportunities for detailed study of the internal structure of landslide bodies.

Landslides --- Rockslides --- Rock slides --- Rock slip --- Land slides --- Landsliding --- Landslips --- Slides (Landslides) --- Mass-wasting --- Central Asia. --- Asia, Central --- Soviet Central Asia --- Tūrān --- Turkestan --- West Turkestan --- Asia

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Les glissements de terrain, omniprésents dans la majeure partie des régions montagneuses du monde, peuvent, très souvent, s’avérer catastrophiques et constituent dès lors un problème d’importance capitale. Ces phénomènes sont récurrents en Asie Centrale, et, plus spécifiquement autour du Bassin de Fergana et dans la vallée de Mailuu-Suu au Kirghizistan. Dans ces régions, ils se réactivent fréquemment dû à l’importance des précipitations ainsi qu’à l’intense activité sismique caractérisant la région. Dans la vallée de Mailuu-Suu, la présence de nombreux bassins de rétention de déchets nucléaires, vestiges de l’exploitation d’uranium au milieu du XXème siècle, accentuent les risques potentiels. Les glissements de terrain représentent ainsi une menace majeure pour les populations locales de la ville de Maily-Say et des régions en aval, non seulement à cause du potentiel d’impact direct, mais aussi dû aux effets indirects liés à la mobilisation de matières radioactives. En conséquence, l’étude de ce type d’aléas se poursuit déjà depuis plusieurs années et est le sujet de la recherche présentée ici. 
En avril 2017, Koytash, un des glissements les plus conséquents de la région, s’est réactivé et, pendant plusieurs semaines, a formé un barrage sur la rivière de Mailuu-Suu. Cette étude se concentre sur l’identification des facteurs géologiques, géomorphologiques et météorologiques qui ont provoqué la réactivation massive de Koytash le 22 avril 2017. L’utilisation de diverses techniques de télédétection (radar et optique) ainsi que l’exploitation de données météorologiques, ont permis d’appréhender le comportement récent de ces glissements sous plusieurs angles. Une analyse météorologique a illustré le rôle primordial des précipitations ( pluies abondantes ainsi que fortes accumulations de neige associées à une fonte rapide) dans l’initiation des mouvements des glissements de terrain en 2017. En effet, malgré une diminution récente de la pluviométrie annuelle, le mois d’avril 2017 a été marqué de fortes pluies dont un pic majeur le jour de l’effondrement de Koytash. L’analyse par interférométrie radar différentielle a, quant à elle, servi à identifier des déplacements lents dans les mois précédant la réactivation. Ces analyses ont mis en évidence l'activité à long terme de Koytash, bien avant la réactivation du 22 avril 2017. Les différentes méthodes utilisées dans ce travail ont montré que le glissement de Tektonik, situé directement au Sud de Koytash, a également été réactivé au printemps 2017. Cependant, il ne s'est effondré que dans sa partie supérieure, justifiant le fait que cette réactivation n'avait pas été identifiée (inventoriée) auparavant. En effet, le mouvement dans sa partie supérieure a été détecté à travers l’analyse des différences entre les modèles numériques de terrain mais aussi par l’examen d’images satellitaires optiques à hautes résolutions (différence d’indices de végétation, cartographie géomorphologique faisant le lien avec la géologie locale et série optique multi-temporelle). L’effondrement de Tektonik a également été vérifié par l’étude radar des taux de déplacement depuis le 23 janvier 2016, présentant une anomalie de vitesses positives. Ceci implique donc un processus de réactivation à long terme ayant démarré bien avant le point de rupture des glissements. Les nombreuses limitations inhérentes aux différentes méthodes utilisées ont été discutées dans le cadre de ce travail. L’approche multidirectionnelle, justifiée par la complémentarité des techniques, permet l’obtention de résultats complets et cohérents. Landslides are omnipresent in most mountainous areas of the world; many mass movements have catastrophic consequences and, thus, represent a major problem for society. Landslides also affect many areas in Central Asian Mountains, in particular around the Fergana Basin and in the Mailuu-Suu Valley, in Kyrgyzstan. In those regions, they are often reactivated due to intense rainfalls, especially in spring season, and as a consequence of the high seismicity. In the Mailuu-Suu Valley, risk related to landslide impacts is accentuated by the presence of numerous uranium tailings, remnants of the former nuclear mining activity in that area. As a result, landslides represent a major threat to the local population of the small town of Maily-Say and of regions downstream, not only through the direct impact potential but also through indirect effects related to the mobilisation of radioactive material. Therefore, landslide hazards have been studied in those regions for many years – this Master thesis is directly connected to those studies. 
In April 2017, one of the most important landslides of the region, Koytash, was reactivated and, during several weeks, formed a dam on the Mailuu-Suu River. This study is focused on the geological-geomorphic and meteorological factors which contributed to the massive failure of Koytash on April 22, 2017. Various types of remote sensing data (using both radar and optical imagery) as well as meteorological inputs were analysed to characterize the conditions that led to the triggering of slope failures. A meteorological analysis revealed the important contribution of precipitations (rainfall as well as large snow accumulations, and related rapid melting) as triggers of the landslide movements in 2017. Indeed, despite a relative decrease in annual rainfall in 2017 compared to the preceding years, the month of April 2017 was characterised by heavy rains, including a major peak of precipitations the day of Koytash’s massive failure. Additionally, differential radar interferometry analysis was used to identify slow displacements during the months preceding the reactivation. Those analyses highlighted the long-term sliding activity of Koytash, well before reactivation on April 22, 2017. The different methods used in this work also showed that not only Koytash had been reactivated in spring 2017, but also the Tektonik landslide, located immediately south of Koytash. However, Tektonik moved only in its upper part, explaining why this reactivation had not been identified (inventoried) previously. Actually, the movement in the upper part was detected through the analysis of the differences between the digital elevation models (August 2017 drone image DEM and 2011 TanDEM-X DEM) and of high-resolution optical images (by calculating the difference in vegetation index, by geomorphological mapping, and by multi-temporal imagery). The collapse of Tektonik was also verified by InSAR analysis of displacement rates since January 23, 2016, showing an anomaly of positive velocities. Uncertainties affecting many of the completed analyses, inherent to the different methods, were finally discussed in this work. The multidirectional approach used in this study, justified by the complementary nature of the techniques, enabled the gathering of complete and coherent results.

Glissement de terrain --- InSAR --- NDVI --- Mailuu-Suu --- Kirghizistan --- Bassin de Fergana --- MNT --- Landslides --- InSAR --- NDVI --- Mailuu-Suu --- Kyrgyzstan --- Fergana Basin --- DEM --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Sciences de la terre & géographie physique

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This book sheds new light on improved methods for the study of the initiation and run-out of earthquake-induced landslides. It includes an initiation study method considering tension-shear failure mechanism, an improved rigorous dynamic sliding block method based on dynamic critical acceleration and a run-out analysis of earthquake-induced landslide by considering trampoline effect, all of which offer higher accuracy and more convenience to landslide study. The book contains abundant illustrations, figures and tables, which make it appealing for readers to acquire pragmatic tools of landslide research.

Earth sciences. --- Natural disasters. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Geomorphology. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Earth Sciences. --- Natural Hazards. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Geology. --- Landslides. --- Land slides --- Landsliding --- Landslips --- Slides (Landslides) --- Mass-wasting --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Engineering—Geology. --- Flow of water --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Civil engineering --- Geology, Economic --- Geomorphic geology --- Physiography --- Physical geography --- Landforms --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Flow --- Distribution --- Details --- Geology

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This interactive book presents comprehensive information on the fundamentals of landslide types and dynamics, while also providing a set of PPT, PDF, and text tools for education and capacity development. It is the second part of a two-volume work created as the core activity of the Sendai Partnerships, the International Consortium of Landslides. The book will be regularly updated and improved over the coming years, based on responses from users and lessons learned during its application.

Landslides. --- Earth sciences. --- Natural disasters. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Remote sensing. --- Geomorphology. --- Mathematical physics. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Earth Sciences. --- Natural Hazards. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Geomorphic geology --- Physiography --- Physical geography --- Landforms --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Mathematics --- Geology. --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history