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The recent surge in the number of forcibly displaced who cross international borders in search of protection has prompted interest in evaluating policies that achieve the possible "end points" of the phenomenon. As envisaged by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), these are the integration in the country of destination, relocation in a third country, and return to the country of origin. The focus of this paper is on the third aspect, namely the appropriate conduct of return policy viewed from the perspective of the host country. More specifically, the main question is whether it is in the economic self-interest of host countries to return forcibly displaced persons. In addressing the question, four ancillary issues are to be addressed: (i) the macroeconomic impact of refugees and of their return; (ii) the labor market impact of refugees and of their return, (iii) the fiscal impact of refugees and of their return; and (iv) how return policy should be formulated and executed. The available evidence and analyses allow this paper's main conclusion, namely that the costs of hosting asylum seekers and refugees are front-loaded, while the benefits accruing from their integration into the labor market and the host economy typically take years to materialize. It follows that from the economic perspective their return after a short stay may represent a costlier option than continuing to invest in their successful integration. Countries with a flexible labor market, strong investment climate, and a welcoming attitude to immigrants tend to see the economic benefits of refugee inflows materialize faster.
Asylum-Seekers --- Communities and Human Settlements --- Forced Displacement --- Host Communities --- IDMC --- IDPS --- Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre --- Internally Displaced Persons --- International Economics and Trade --- International Migration --- Migration and Development --- Poverty Reduction --- Refugees --- Returnees --- UNHCR --- United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees
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Focusing on two cases of resettlement in rural Cundinamarca, Colombia, this book examines how displaced campesinos make sense of their displacement and how displacement shapes their everyday lives. It is based on a ten-month fieldwork employing ethnographic methods working, living and sharing with the displaced and their host. The book calls for a longer time-frame analysis of the phenomenon of displacement, which considers people's lives both pre- and post- physical relocation. It examines how violence and terror altered people's sense of place and set off displacement process before they actually moved. It analyses the challenges the displaced are facing in their subsequent place-making endeavours, including the negotiation of social relations, consequences of categorization, engagement with the physical land, and memories of violence to challenge the notion that displacement starts with uprooting and terminates with resettlement or return.
Lebensbedingungen --- Soziale Situation --- Vertreibung --- Umsiedlung --- Refugees --- Displaced persons --- Persons --- Aliens --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Social conditions. --- Kolumbien --- Colombia. --- Colombie --- Estados Unidos de Colombia --- Gelunbiya --- Grã-Colômbia --- Gran Colombia --- Kolumbii︠a︡ --- Koronbia --- Kūlūmbiyā --- Neu-Granada --- República de Colombia --- United States of Colombia --- Колумбия --- كولومبيا --- コロンビア --- 哥伦比亚 --- Granadine Confederation --- New Granada --- New Granada (Republic : 1832-1858) --- Auswanderung --- Zwangsumsiedlung --- Ethnische Säuberung --- Zwangsmigration --- Flucht --- Soziale Lage --- Soziale Verhältnisse --- Soziallage --- Sozialverhältnisse --- Soziale Bedingungen --- Situation --- Soziale Stellung --- Lebenssituation --- Lebensverhältnisse --- Lebenslage --- Lebensumstände --- Kolumbii͡ --- Kūlūmbiy --- Columbien --- Colombia --- República de Colombia --- Columbia --- République de Colombie --- Republic of Colombia --- Kolumbianer --- Neugranada --- Confederación Granadina --- 1819-1832 --- 1861 --- -Lebensbedingungen --- -Refugees --- Réfugiés. --- Social history. --- Histoire sociale. --- Colombie. --- Displacement. --- belonging. --- categorisation. --- emplacement. --- fear. --- identity. --- internal displacement. --- place attachment. --- place. --- temporality. --- trust. --- violence. --- Kolumbien.
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