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Découvert en 1965 par Samuel Blumberg, l'infection par le Virus de l'hépatite B constitue de nos jours un véritable problème de santé publique. Ils constituent avec les papillomavirus et le virus de l'hépatite C, les agents infectieux causant le plus de cancers dans le monde. Malgré l'existence d'un vaccin, l'OMS dénombre près de 887000 personnes décédées en 2015. Les traitements actuels constitués de peg-IFN, et d'analogues nucléos(t)idiques sont limités à réduire la progression virale sans guérison. Ceci avec une possibilité de réactivation à l'arrêt du traitement et par conséquence un risque d'apparition de résistance suite à une thérapie sur le long terme. Depuis peu les recherches ont conduit à la découverte de nouvelles molécules dont l'objectif est la négativation de l'AgHBs qui signe la guérison complète. Ce travail établit dans un premier temps un bref exposé de ces nouvelles molécules et leur cible principale au niveau du cycle de réplication du VHB ou de l'immunité antivirale, puis décrit les différents essais en phases cliniques qui ont permis d'évaluer leur efficacité et enfin fait ressortir les limites ou échecs rencontrés au cours de ces études. Beaucoup reste donc à entreprendre malgré les preuves prometteuses apportées par ces molécules en phase de recherche car il est actuellement difficile de prévoir les médicaments ou les associations médicamenteuses qui parviendront à éliminer complètement l'ADNccc. Discovered in 1965 by Samuel Blumberg, infection with the hepatitis B virus is nowadays a real public health problem. Together with papillomavirus and hepatitis C virus, they are the infectious agents that cause the most cancers in the world. Despite the existence of a vaccine, the WHO counted nearly 887 000 people who died in 2015. Current treatments are peg-IFN, and nucleos(t)ide analogues and are limited to reducing viral progression without healing. This with a possibility of reactivation at the end of the treatment and consequently a risk of occurrence of resistance following therapy over the long term. Recently, research has led to the discovery of new molecules, which act by clearing the HBsAg providing in that way complete healing. Our dissertation first establishes a brief presentation of these new molecules and their main target at the level of the HBV replication cycle or antiviral immunity, then describes the various clinical phase trials that have made it possible to evaluate their effectiveness and finally highlight the limitations or the failures encountered during these studies. Much remains to be done despite the promising evidence provided by these molecules in the research phase because it is currently difficult to predict the drugs or drug combinations that will eliminate the cccDNA.

Hepatitis B

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The objective of this report was to perform a systematic review of the beneficial and harmful effects of tenofovir alafenamide for the treatment of adults with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and compensated liver disease.

Adulthood. --- Hepatitis B.

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Hepatitis --- Hepatitis A --- Hepatitis B --- Hepatitis C

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This book presents up-to-date, practically oriented information on major topics in chronic hepatitis B. The coverage encompasses epidemiology; diagnosis, including molecular methods; treatment and challenges; and the management of co-infections. Readers will also find guidance on the invasive and non-invasive assessment of fibrosis in HBV infection and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Management of chronic hepatitis B in children is considered separately, and emerging drugs that hold promise for the treatment of chronic HBV infection are discussed. Chronic Hepatitis B will be of high value for general practitioners and specialists in gastroenterology, infectious diseases, and internal medicine. It will be international in scope in terms of both authorship and appeal.

Sociology of health --- Social medicine --- Gastroenterology --- Infectious diseases. Communicable diseases --- Human medicine --- bedrijfssoftware --- vertalen --- gastro-enterologie --- besmettelijke ziekten --- huisartsen --- hepatitis B

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This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of HBV infection and liver disease. It discusses new data on basic and translational medicine, including the viral life cycle, the immunopathogenesis of virus-induced chronic hepatitis, viral and host genetic factors affecting disease progression, and the mechanism of virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, as well as their potential applications in daily clinical practice. The clinical aspects of chronic HBV infection are examined in chapters on the global epidemiology, efficacy of HBV vaccination, natural history, co-infections with HCV, HDV or HIV, and management of special populations including children, pregnant women and patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Further, it describes the advances and perspectives in the development of novel antiviral treatments as possible cures for HBV infection. The book is a valuable resource for medical students, physicians, and researchers who are interested in management of patients with chronic HBV infection and investigation HBV infection.

Hepatitis B virus. --- Liver --- Dane particle --- Homologous serum hepatitis virus --- Serum hepatitis virus --- Diseases. --- Medicine. --- Virology. --- Hepatology. --- Infectious diseases. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Hepatitis viruses --- Clinical medicine. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Medical virology. --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Medicine, Clinical --- Medicine --- Microbiology --- Gastroenterology