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Existentialisme. --- Surréalisme --- Philosophie.

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La littérature, une vieille douairière défraîchie… Le style, un concept flou et fumeux… La stylistique, une discipline desséchée et desséchante… L’auteur de La Modification, un séide du Nouveau Roman, un prosélyte de l’écriture pour l’écriture… Tous ces préjugés, Stéphane Gallon les met à bas en montrant que Michel Butor, dans son deuxième roman, L’Emploi du temps, s’interroge sur la crise morale de l’après-guerre et en arrive à la conclusion que notre relation au temps en est une des causes fondamentales. S’appuyant alors sur les pensées de Kierkegaard, Bergson et Heidegger, il invite à substituer au temps linéaire de la tradition un temps moins anxiogène, un temps correspondant mieux à ce que nous percevons du réel, un temps riche de promesses et d’avenir. Cet essai est aussi l’occasion de tester de nouveaux outils d’analyse, les faiscsèmes, les existentiaux et les schèmes matriciels, outils qui tendent à montrer que le style, loin d’être, selon le mot de Hugo, « émail sur la dent », est au contraire un moyen de dépasser les limites du langage, un moyen de mieux appréhender le réel et donc, n’en déplaise à ceux qui ne voient plus dans la littérature que verbiage et nombrilisme, une voie privilégiée pour « changer la vie ».

Literary Theory & Criticism --- herméneutique --- labyrinthe --- stratification --- existentialisme --- temps

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The book grapples with one of the most difficult questions confronting the contemporary world: the problem of the other, which includes ethical, political, and metaphysical aspects. A widespread approach in the history of the discourse on the other, systematically formulated by Emmanuel Levinas and his followers, has invested this term with an almost mythical quality—the other is everybody else but never a specific person, an abstraction of historical human existence. This book offers an alternative view, turning the other into a real being, through a carefully described process involving two dimensions referred to as the ethic of loyalty to the visible and the ethic of inner retreat. Tracing the course of this process in life and in literature, the book presents a broad and lucid picture intriguing to philosophers and also accessible to readers concerned with questions touching on the meaning of life, ethics, and politics, and particularly relevant to the burning issues surrounding attitudes to immigrants as others and to the relationship with God, the ultimate other. .

Philosophical anthropology --- General ethics --- Jewish religion --- Sociology --- Human rights --- mensenrechten --- sociologie --- filosofie --- Jodendom --- existentialisme

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This book sheds light on the phenomenon of consecutive interpreting. It combines phenomenological and empirical analyses to build a communication theory of interpreting. The author begins by reviewing mainstream research on consecutive interpreting and then dissociates himself from it, conducting a three-tier analysis of interpreting data. He concludes by presenting an alternative theory of consecutive interpreting. As he makes clear from the outset, a new and combined methodology for consecutive interpreting needs to be constructed to satisfy both the relation of the phenomenon to experience as well as its social foundation. He also stresses the potential within the humanities for wider employment of the phenomenological empirical method. This book will appeal to students and scholars of linguistics, translation, phenomenology, social interaction and communication.

Philosophy --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- Mass communications --- Pragmatics --- Interpreting --- etnografie --- filosofie --- tekstanalyse --- vertalen --- communicatiewetenschappen --- existentialisme --- fenomenologie

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This book sheds new light on the history of the philosophically crucial notion of intentionality, which accounts for one of the most distinctive aspects of our mental life: the fact that our thoughts are about objects. Intentionality is often described as a certain kind of relation. Focusing on Franz Brentano, who introduced the notion into contemporary philosophy, and on the Aristotelian tradition, which was Brentano’s main source of inspiration, the book reveals a rich history of debate on precisely the relational nature of intentionality. It shows that Brentano and the Aristotelian authors from which he drew not only addressed the question whether intentionality is a relation, but also devoted extensive discussions to what kind of relation it is, if any. The book aims to show that Brentano distinguishes the intentional relation from two other relations with which it might be confused, namely, causality and reference, which also hold between thoughts and their objects. Intentionality accounts for the aboutness of a thought; causality, by contrast, explains how the thought is generated, and reference, understood as a sort of similarity, occurs when the object towards which the thought is directed exists. Brentano claims to find some anticipation of his views in Aristotle. This book argues that, whether or not Brentano’s interpretation of Aristotle is correct, his claim is true of the Aristotelian tradition as a whole, since followers of Aristotle more or less explicitly made some or all of Brentano’s distinctions. This is demonstrated through examination of some major figures of the Aristotelian tradition (broadly understood), including Alexander of Aphrodisias, the Neoplatonic commentators, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, and Francisco Suárez. This book combines a longue durée approach – focusing on the long-term evolution of philosophical concepts rather than restricting itself to a specific author or period – with systematic analysis in the history of philosophy. By studying Brentano and the Aristotelian authors with theoretical sensitivity, it also aims to contribute to our understanding of intentionality and cognate features of the mind.

Philosophy --- Psychology --- History of philosophy --- psychologie --- filosofie --- geschiedenis --- existentialisme --- Aristotle --- Brentano, Franz