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Europe de l'Est

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Au Moyen Âge, la mer du Nord a permis les contacts entre les populations de ses régions riveraines: les eaux séparant les îles Britanniques, le continent et la Scandinavie ne voyaient pas seulement se déplacer des missionnaires et des marchands, car c'est également de la mer que l'on vit arriver les vikings. La mer Baltique était en revanche beaucoup moins connue des auteurs occidentaux, qui étaient frappés par la multiplicité des peuples et des cultures qui en occupaient les rives : on mentionnait des ports de traite, des voyages de marchands, des populations aux coutumes étranges. Comparer les espaces de la mer du Nord et de la mer Baltique en tant que zones de contacts au Moyen Âge est une tâche difficile : non seulement les spécialistes ne prennent que trop rarement connaissance de leurs recherches respectives, mais l'horizon international nécessite la prise en compte de traditions historiographiques dans une multitude de langues nationales. Ce volume présente les résultats d'un atelier interdisciplinaire tenu à Boulogne-sur-Mer en octobre 2009, qui a réuni des chercheurs d'Europe du Nord-Ouest (Belgique, France, Luxembourg, Royaume-Uni) et du Centre-Est (Pologne et République tchèque) en soulignant les apports d'une nouvelle génération d'historiens et d'archéologues dans un domaine qui s'est radicalement transformé depuis une quinzaine d'années.

History --- baltique --- moyen-âge --- mer du nord --- Europe de l'Est --- relations économiques

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This book puts into context the unsuccessful socialist experiment in Eastern Europe. The first half concentrates on the years 1945-56, when the options for Eastern Europe were not entirely closed, and considers the period of non-Soviet socialism, the process of Soviet take over and the hope and despair of 1956. Thereafter the author discusses the economic failure of what was termed 'actually existing socialism', the optimism of reform in the 1960s fading to the neo-Stalinist triumph of the 1970s, and the economic and political stagnation which caused the collapse of socialism in Eastern Europe.

Political science --- Communism --- History. --- History --- Histoire. --- Europe, Eastern --- Europe de l'Est --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement

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Eric Frécon's study starkly reveals the fragility of the internal societies and the inadequate regulation of the Asian region by boldly plunging into a reality- that of piracy- that during the Cold War had been habitually restricted to notes of secret agents or for the reports of some original journalists. The study is an interesting approach. The development of terrorism has in fact confirmed it: a major part of the current scenario which matters now is that of the underground, economic, mafia-like or terrorist forces, forces that are beyond control and of which sometimes the nations are fully aware. Piracy is therefore an important phenomenon today; its analysis allows us to measure the power of the nations and the regulation of international zones. But the investigation is difficult and calls for intelligence, passion, the audacity to search in the dark and the courage to not be taken in: these are the very qualities that this work embodies. This book constitutes an excellent photograph of the weaknesses but also of the recovery of the Asians. It explains how piracy reappeared massively after the Cold War, firstly on account of the general deficiencies of the region and the weaknesses (or tactics) of some nations. But it also shows that the region has evolved. When I brought it up in 1998 in “L'Asie en danger”, piracy was partially imputable to the internal situation and to the foreign policy of China. Since then, the collapse of Indonesia and the recovery of the Chinese regime have pushed it back towards the Straits of Southeast Asia. Eric Frécon's book also describes how the efforts of regional coordination and the policies of certain big nations like Japan and India acted upon piracy, in order to contain it, on the whole. The problem seems to have, since then, been identified and to a large extent handled; one may hope that it will be resolved in the years to come, even though the Indonesian crisis may seriously impede regulation efforts.

Asian Studies --- Southeast Asia --- terrorism --- security --- trafficking --- trafic --- piracy --- Malay archipelago --- terrorisme --- sécurité --- Malaisie --- Asean --- piraterie --- Malaysia --- archipel malais --- cooperation coopération --- Asie du Sud-Est

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Le développement de la Chine, sur la scène internationale, dans l’économie mondiale et dans bien d’autres domaines encore, est un phénomène très commenté mais encore mal appréhendé à bien des égards. Cette recherche vise à améliorer la compréhension que l’on possède de l’ascension chinoise en analysant l’un de ses aspects : la relation que la Chine entretient avec l’Asie du Sud-Est, ainsi que la place que cette dernière occupe dans son développement. Trois facettes de cette relation sont abordées dans cette étude : l’économie, la défense et la puissance douce chinoise. Les résultats obtenus à l’issue de ce travail révèlent d’une part que l’Asie du Sud-Est est d’une importance capitale pour la Chine, et d’autre part que leur relation est marquée par une forte interdépendance. Cette étude démontre aussi que Pékin déploie beaucoup d’énergie pour contrôler, influencer ou diriger l’Asie du Sud-Est. La somme des échecs et des réussites de cette stratégie laisse à penser qu’il reste une marge avant l’avènement d’une hégémonie chinoise totale en Asie du Sud-Est. The development of China on the international stage, in the world economy and in various other areas has been discussed many times but remains a misapprehended phenomenon on many levels. This research aims for a better understanding of China’s rise to power by analyzing one of its key aspects: The relationship between China and Southeast Asia and the role it has been playing in China’s development. The present work will focus on three aspects of the relationship: economy, defence, and China’s soft power. The results of this study show that Southeast Asia is of paramount importance for China and that the relationship between the two actors is defined by a strong interdependence. This study also demonstrates that Beijing allocates a lot of resources towards controlling, influencing or governing Southeast Asia. The sum total of the successes and failures of China’s strategy suggests that a total Chinese hegemony over Southeast Asia is not yet imminent.

Chine --- puissance --- hégémonie --- Asie du Sud-Est --- China --- power --- hegemony --- Southeast Asia --- Droit, criminologie & sciences politiques > Sciences politiques, administration publique & relations internationales