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The Fund, as Trustee of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT or Trust), has entered into a new borrowing agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Banque de France (hereafter France), effective on February 1, 2018. This new borrowing agreement with France provides new resources to the Extended Credit Facility Loan Account of the PRGT in the total amount of up to SDR 2 billion. Pursuant to Section III, paragraph 2 of the Instrument to establish the PRGT, the Managing Director is authorized to enter into borrowing agreements and agree to their terms and conditions with lenders to the Loan Accounts of the Trust. This paper presents the new Agreement with France to the Executive Board for information. Including this Agreement with France, the Fund has concluded fifteen new PRGT loan agreements providing total resources of SDR 11.4 billion in the context of the 2014 Board endorsed PRGT fundraising with a goal of SDR 11 billion. To accommodate the better-than-expected outcome, and following consultations with PRGT creditors, the IMF Board increased the PRGT’s cumulative borrowing limit on January 8, 2018. This is the sixth borrowing agreement between France and the Fund as Trustee of the PRGT. The Agreement incorporates the extensions of the commitments and drawdown period for PRGT loans to end-2020 and end-2024, respectively, consistent with the Fund’s framework for concessional lending to low income countries adopted in other PRGT borrowing agreements.

Poverty --- Political aspects. --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Industries: Financial Services --- Loans --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- France

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As Ignazio Visco, Governor of the Bank of Italy, says in his Foreword, all economic policy makers today need to re-examine our history to help them confront the challenges of today. This edited volume focuses specifically on the theme of financial innovation and how financial resiliency was achieved in Naples. To highlight both the achievements of the public banks of Naples and their lessons for financial resiliency, the book focuses on financial crises and how they were overcome in Naples in contrast to other European financial systems. The first section focuses on the development of the public banks unique to Naples. The second section compares those with other banking systems and how they responded to the same shock in 1622, caused by the full mobilization of European belligerents to finance their efforts in the Thirty Years War. The next section compares lessons learned in the rest of Europe over the next century and a half. The final section comes back to original start of the narrative arc to suggest ways that today’s policymakers and thinkers could use the historical experience of the public banks of Naples to deal better with the ongoing problems stemming from the financial crisis of 2007-08. .

Banks and banking --- Finance --- Banks and banking. --- Financial History. --- Banking. --- History. --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Finance—History.

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This book presents a business model on how to structure the relationship between financial services and procurement. The need for new models is particularly important to support small and medium enterprises (SMEs) where there is an evident difficulty in accessing credit. Due to this context, innovative solutions must be introduced. The objective of this book is to determine how innovation can support the dynamic and volatile international context and the increasingly relevant function of procurement. It is becoming more and more important to take into account complex international transactions with notably long payment terms. Organizations need to manage the best way to handle the financial relationships and the risks related to credit provision and payments. This book presents an end-to-end support to procurement, including trade finance, supply chain finance, and related payments. In addition, the enterprises need to keep sufficient liquidity levels in the short and medium term. This is a constant challenge today, with the turbulence of financial markets and a continuing climate of economic uncertainty making it harder to obtain external funding. Businesses need to optimize the working capital. This can be done through the innovative concept of procurement finance, which allows SMEs to benefit by the new vision of collaborative procurement. This book provides several practical examples of advanced procurement finance solutions. It demonstrates how the use of process improvement and technology can help in overcoming the current financially difficult situation. In addition, based on the business model presented, the integrated approach to procurement finance allows sustainable solutions which will be of interest to academics, researchers, managers, and practitioners in both buyer and vendor companies, as well as in banks and other financial institutions.

Cloud computing --- Electronic data processing --- Web services --- Cost effectiveness. --- Distributed processing --- Banks and banking. --- Banking. --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money

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An effort to mobilize SDR 11 billion in additional Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) loan resources is underway to sustain the Fund’s concessional lending operations over the medium term. SDR 9.4 billion in new loan resources have been secured to date and negotiations with remaining potential loan providers indicate that the target is likely to be exceeded by about SDR ½ to 1 billion. To accommodate the better-than-expected loan mobilization outcome, the PRGT’s cumulative borrowing limit of SDR 37 billion would need to be increased. PRGT creditors were consulted and supportive of a proposed increase in the borrowing limit, from SDR 37 billion to SDR 38 billion.

Poverty --- Credit. --- Prevention. --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Loans --- Macroeconomics --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Revenue mobilization --- Brazil

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This book analyses the raising of capital imposed by regulatory and supervisory constraints for the soundness and survival of banks in Europe, highlighting critical issues. Accordingly, the text examines the improvement of risk management and efficiency operated by individual banks as the main driver for reinforcing bank resilience and survival. The investigation is carried out essentially through study of risk management, efficiency, capital constraints, bank regulation and supervision in Europe, monetary policy and economic growth in Europe, capital raising in European banks, bank regulation and supervision in the USA, raising of capital or improvement of risk management and efficiency as the final issue. Raising capital by regulatory and supervisory constraints meets solvency requirements at a given time. In contrast, improving risk management and efficiency allows banks to create the best structural premises for reducing costs, increasing revenue and profits and capital level, contributing to the solvency and survival of banks.

Banks and banking --- Finance. --- Banks and banking. --- Risk management. --- Risk Management. --- Banking. --- Insurance --- Management --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question