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2018 (3)

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Book
Palestinian Kindergarten Curriculum Framework : A Review of the Mathematics Development Progression.
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

Early mathematics learning has garnered considerable attention globally over the past few years. This increased attention is motivated by global research pointing to the importance of early mathematics in supporting children`s later academic development. The need to ensure that children have explicit and planned opportunities to develop foundational mathematics skills has led to the development of research-based early mathematics curricula that clearly articulate the types of mathematics learning experiences young children can and should have at different points in their learning pathways. The present study was commissioned by the Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher Education to review the Palestinian kindergarten (KG) curriculum framework with a focus on the early mathematics progression that it puts forward. Specifically, the study aims to provide answers to three questions: (1) to what extent is the curriculum structured along a developmental progression that reflects the latest cognitive research on how children learn mathematics from an early age?; (2) how does the Palestinian early mathematics curriculum compare to that of other countries with established KG systems, such as Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and Singapore?; and (3) how well does the curriculum align with the Grade 1 Palestinian mathematics curriculum? It then puts forward a number of recommendations to improve early mathematics learning in KG classrooms.


Book
Who Learns What in Basic Education? : Evidence from Indonesia
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Indonesia consistently fares poorly on the international tests like PISA and TIMSS. To help diagnosing the causes of poor learning we track student achievement across 9 years in basic education. We find that 40 percent of students do not learn the basics in the early grades of primary school (recognizing 2-digit numbers by 2nd grade, and ordering 4-digit numbers by 4th grade). The authors also find that schools do not cover the complete Indonesian curriculum. Only few students learn how to calculate the surface area of a triangle by 5th grade, the rules about the order of operations, and to complete exercises embedded in stories. Poor and incomplete coverage of the primary curriculum helps explain the low levels of student achievement authors observed in secondary school. Our analysis also provides directions for future research. We observed a large catching-up effect in learning in 6th grade. A plausible explanation for this pattern is the increased pressure on schools, teachers and students to perform well on the high-stakes national exams. The fact that the system can produce learning once (all) actors are sufficiently motivated, suggests that 1.) performance pressure might help, and 2.) that low levels of teacher's knowledge and skills are currently not a major binding constraint to learning in Indonesia.


Book
Education in the EU : Diverging Learning Opportunities?
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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This report examines one of the most influential forces in any society, one that can contribute both to bridging differences or to deepening divides among people: skills. The skills that people have when they enter the workforce and that they can build on later in their work life determine to a large extent their ability to thrive, to raise families, and to feel vested in their country's economic and political future. Skills gaps and their formation, mirror and exacerbate social divides as well. In the European Union (EU), this issue has new urgency: changes in the labor market have made human capital an increasingly important divider between those how thrive on the labor market and those who not. Importantly, education systems in the EU are not becoming more successful in ensuring that all students acquire the skills needed. This report takes an in-depth look at socioeconomic disparities in educational opportunity and achievement, to aid policymakers in identifying where and how changes can be made to bring more educational equity, ultimately, into the future employment and well-being of Europe's more vulnerable populations. This report explores the extent to which education systems across the EU succeed in providing equal opportunities for all Europeans to build the relevant foundational skills required to thrive in the 21st century economies. The World Development Report 2018, Learning, showed there is a learning crisis around the world. Today, more children are in school than ever before, but there are still millions of children who are not learning, 60 percent of primary school children in developing countries still fail to meet minimum proficiency. Europe is no exception to this learning crisis. While European countries have much higher levels of learning among their students than many other countries, many education systems across Europe have become less successful in ensuring that all students acquire the skills that they need. In other words, just when skills became more important, schools became worse-or at least not any better-at providing equal opportunities to developing them. The WDR 2018 states that schooling without learning is not just a wasted opportunity, but also a great injustice. This report shows that the big education quality challenge in Europe is fundamentally one of equity. Education poverty and inequality have widened in many countries in Europe over the last 15 years.

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