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Ireland --- John (Seaman) --- Captivity --- Doyley --- William

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In The Captive Sea, Daniel Hershenzon explores the entangled histories of Muslim and Christian captives-and, by extension, of the Spanish Empire, Ottoman Algiers, and Morocco-in the seventeenth century to argue that piracy, captivity, and redemption formed the Mediterranean as an integrated region at the social, political, and economic levels. Despite their confessional differences, the lives of captives and captors alike were connected in a political economy of ransom and communication networks shaped by Spanish, Ottoman, and Moroccan rulers; ecclesiastic institutions; Jewish, Muslim, and Christian intermediaries; and the captives themselves, as well as their kin.Hershenzon offers both a comprehensive analysis of competing projects for maritime dominance and a granular investigation of how individual lives were tragically upended by these agendas. He takes a close look at the tightly connected and ultimately failed attempts to ransom an Algerian Muslim girl sold into slavery in Livorno in 1608; the son of a Spanish marquis enslaved by pirates in Algiers and brought to Istanbul, where he converted to Islam; three Spanish Trinitarian friars detained in Algiers on the brink of their departure for Spain in the company of Christians they had redeemed; and a high-ranking Ottoman official from Alexandria, captured in 1613 by the Sicilian squadron of Spain.Examining the circulation of bodies, currency, and information in the contested Mediterranean, Hershenzon concludes that the practice of ransoming captives, a procedure meant to separate Christians from Muslims, had the unintended consequence of tightly binding Iberia to the Maghrib.

Slavery --- Communication --- Captivity --- Ransom --- Slave trade --- History --- Western Mediterranean --- Commerce --- History of Spain --- anno 1600-1699 --- Mediterranean

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This book offers a unique overview on the career and work on Benedict XII, the third pope of Avignon. Benedict XII (ca. 1334-1342) was a key figure of the Avignon papal court, renowned for rooting out heretics and distinguishing himself as a refined theologian. During his reign, he faced the most significant religious and political challenges in the era of the Avignon papacy: theological quarrels, divisions and schisms within the Church, conflicts between European sovereigns, and the growth of Turkish power in the East. In spite of its diminished political influence, the papacy, which had recently moved to France, emerged as an institution committed to the defense and expansion of the Catholic faith in Europe and the East. Benedict made significant contributions to the definition of doctrine, the assessment of pontifical power in Western Europe, and the expansion of Catholicism in the East: in all these different contexts he distinguished himself as a true guardian of orthodoxy.

262.13 "04/14" --- 262.13 "04/14" Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--Middeleeuwen --- Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--Middeleeuwen --- 262.13 BENEDICTUS XII --- 262.13 BENEDICTUS XII Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--BENEDICTUS XII --- Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--BENEDICTUS XII --- Papacy --- Church history --- Popes --- Benoît, --- Histoire de l'Église --- --XIVe s., --- Papauté --- --Pape --- --History --- History --- Benedict --- Popes. --- Holy See --- See, Holy --- Avignon, Popes at --- Babylonian captivity, Papal --- Schism, The Great Western, 1378-1417 --- Benedictus --- Benoît --- Benoît --- Fournier, Jacques --- Fournier, Jacques, --- Église --- Papacy - History - 14th century --- Papacy - History - 1309-1378 --- Church history - 14th century --- XIVe s., 1301-1400 --- Pape --- Benedict - XII, - Pope, - -1342 --- Benoît, 1675-1758