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Conversion --- Conversion. --- Religious conversion --- Psychology, Religious --- Proselytizing --- Islam. --- Christianity. --- Social aspects --- Africa --- Religion.
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Following its violent conquest by Charlemagne (772-804), Saxony became both a Christian and a Carolingian region. This book sets out to re-evaluate the political integration and Christianization of Saxony and to show how the success of this transformation has important implications for how we view governance, the institutional church, and Christian communities in the early Middle Ages. A burgeoning array of Carolingian regional studies are pulled together to offer a new synthesis of the history of Saxony in the Carolingian Empire and to undercut the narrative of top-down Christianization with a more grassroots model that highlights the potential for diversity within Carolingian Christianity. This book is a comprehensive and accessible account which will provide students with a fresh view of the incorporation of Saxony into the Carolingian world.
Carolingians --- Carolingians. --- Church history --- Church history. --- Conversion --- Saxons --- Saxons. --- History. --- Christianity --- Christianity. --- 600-1500. --- Europe --- Europe. --- 27 "07/08" --- 27 "07/08" Histoire de l'Eglise--?"07/08" --- 27 "07/08" Kerkgeschiedenis--?"07/08" --- Histoire de l'Eglise--?"07/08" --- Kerkgeschiedenis--?"07/08" --- Carlovingians --- Carolinians --- Ethnology --- Germanic peoples --- Religious conversion --- Psychology, Religious --- Proselytizing --- Christianity&delete& --- History --- Conversion religieuse --- Histoire religieuse --- Christianisme --- Histoire --- Church history - 9th century --- Church history - 8th century --- Conversion - Christianity - History --- Saxons - History --- Carolingians - History --- Saxe --- Carolingiens --- Europe - Church history - 600-1500
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How did the medieval Middle East transform from a majority-Christian world to a majority-Muslim world, and what role did violence play in this process? Christian Martyrs under Islam explains how Christians across the early Islamic caliphate slowly converted to the faith of the Arab conquerors and how small groups of individuals rejected this faith through dramatic acts of resistance, including apostasy and blasphemy.Using previously untapped sources in a range of Middle Eastern languages, Christian Sahner introduces an unknown group of martyrs who were executed at the hands of Muslim officials between the seventh and ninth centuries CE. Found in places as diverse as Syria, Spain, Egypt, and Armenia, they include an alleged descendant of Muhammad who converted to Christianity, high-ranking Christian secretaries of the Muslim state who viciously insulted the Prophet, and the children of mixed marriages between Muslims and Christians. Sahner argues that Christians never experienced systematic persecution under the early caliphs, and indeed, they remained the largest portion of the population in the greater Middle East for centuries after the Arab conquest. Still, episodes of ferocious violence contributed to the spread of Islam within Christian societies, and memories of this bloodshed played a key role in shaping Christian identity in the new Islamic empire. Christian Martyrs under Islam examines how violence against Christians ended the age of porous religious boundaries and laid the foundations for more antagonistic Muslim-Christian relations in the centuries to come.
Christianity and other religions --- Christian martyrs --- Islam --- 235.3*7 --- 297.116*1 --- 297.116*1 Relatie Islam tot Christendom --- Relatie Islam tot Christendom --- 235.3*7 Martelaren --- Martelaren --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Martyrs --- Martyrdom --- Relations&delete& --- Christianity --- Relations --- Christian martyrs. --- Violence --- RELIGION / History. --- Martyrdom (Islam) --- Muslim martyrs --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- Islam. --- Christianity. --- Religious aspects --- Christianity and other religions - Islam --- Christian martyrs - Islamic countries --- Islam - Relations - Christianity --- Islamic Empire --- History. --- Anthony al-Qurash ī. --- Arab culture. --- Arabization. --- Christian Middle East. --- Christian blasphemy. --- Christian identity. --- Christians. --- Islamic empire. --- Islamization. --- Middle East. --- Muslims. --- apostasy. --- apostates. --- bloodshed. --- capital punishment. --- early Islamic caliphate. --- early Middle Ages. --- early medieval Middle East. --- hagiography. --- late antiquity. --- martyrdom. --- martyrologies. --- martyrs. --- medieval Middle East. --- punitive burning. --- religious conversion. --- religious differentiation. --- religious persecution. --- social differentiation. --- social protest. --- theological protest. --- violence.
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Anthropologist Devaka Premawardhana arrived in Africa to study the much reported "explosion" of Pentecostalism, the spread of which has indeed been massive. It is the continent's fastest growing form of Christianity and one of the world's fastest growing religious movements. Yet Premawardhana found no evidence for this in the province of Mozambique where he worked. His research suggests that much can be gained by including such places in the story of global Christianity, by shifting attention from the well-known places where Pentecostal churches flourish to the unfamiliar places where they fail.In Faith in Flux, Premawardhana documents the ambivalence with which Pentecostalism has been received by the Makhuwa, an indigenous and historically mobile people of northern Mozambique. The Makhuwa are not averse to the newly arrived churches-many relate to them powerfully. Few, however, remain in them permanently. Pentecostalism has not firmly taken root because it is seen as one potential path among many-a pragmatic and pluralistic outlook befitting a people accustomed to life on the move.This phenomenon parallels other historical developments, from responses to colonial and postcolonial intrusions to patterns of circular migration between rural villages and rising cities. But Premawardhana primarily attributes the religious fluidity he observed to an underlying existential mobility, an experimental disposition cultivated by the Makhuwa in their pre-Pentecostal pasts and carried by them into their post-Pentecostal futures. Faith in Flux aims not to downplay the influence of global forces on local worlds, but to recognize that such forces, "explosive" though they may be, never succeed in capturing the everyday intricacies of actual lives.
Pentecostalism --- Social mobility --- Residential mobility --- Makhuwa (African people) --- Conversion --- Pentecostal churches --- Mozambique --- República de Moçambique --- República Popular de Moçambique --- Moçambique --- Mo-san-pi-kʻo --- People's Republic of Mozambique --- Mozambik --- Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika Mozambik --- NRM (Mozambique) --- NR Mozambik --- State of Mozambique --- Mosambiek --- Mosambik --- Volksrepublik Mosambik --- Msumbiji --- Província de Moçambique (Portugal) --- Province de Mozambique (Portugal) --- Colónia de Moçambique (Portugal) --- Mozambico --- Portuguese East Africa --- Religious life and customs. --- Religious conversion --- Psychology, Religious --- Proselytizing --- Macua (African people) --- Makua (African people) --- Makwa (African people) --- Wakua (African people) --- Wamakua (African people) --- Bantu-speaking peoples --- Ethnology --- Mobility, Residential --- Urban population movements --- Migration, Internal --- Population geography --- Mobility, Social --- Sociology --- Charismatic Movement --- Charismatic Renewal Movement --- Latter Rain movement --- Neo-Pentecostalism --- Pentecostal movement --- Christianity --- Gifts, Spiritual --- Glossolalia --- #SBIB:39A10 --- #SBIB:39A73 --- #SBIB:316.331H412 --- #SBIB:316.331H381 --- Antropologie: religie, riten, magie, hekserij --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Morfologie van de godsdiensten: Protestantisme - Reformatie --- Geografische spreiding van de godsdiensten: Afrika --- Conversion. --- Anthropology. --- Folklore. --- Linguistics. --- Religion. --- Religious Studies.
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Conversion --- Violence --- Catholic Church --- History --- Religious aspects --- Missions --- Violent behavior --- Social psychology --- Religious conversion --- Psychology, Religious --- Proselytizing --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- Conversion - Catholic Church - History - 16th century --- Conversion - Catholic Church - History - 17th century --- Violence - Religious aspects - Catholic Church - History - 16th century --- Violence - Religious aspects - Catholic Church - History - 17th century
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Many historical processes are dynamic. Populations grow and decline. Empires expand and collapse. Religions spread and wither. Natural scientists have made great strides in understanding dynamical processes in the physical and biological worlds using a synthetic approach that combines mathematical modeling with statistical analyses. Taking up the problem of territorial dynamics--why some polities at certain times expand and at other times contract--this book shows that a similar research program can advance our understanding of dynamical processes in history. Peter Turchin develops hypotheses from a wide range of social, political, economic, and demographic factors: geopolitics, factors affecting collective solidarity, dynamics of ethnic assimilation/religious conversion, and the interaction between population dynamics and sociopolitical stability. He then translates these into a spectrum of mathematical models, investigates the dynamics predicted by the models, and contrasts model predictions with empirical patterns. Turchin's highly instructive empirical tests demonstrate that certain models predict empirical patterns with a very high degree of accuracy. For instance, one model accounts for the recurrent waves of state breakdown in medieval and early modern Europe. And historical data confirm that ethno-nationalist solidarity produces an aggressively expansive state under certain conditions (such as in locations where imperial frontiers coincide with religious divides). The strength of Turchin's results suggests that the synthetic approach he advocates can significantly improve our understanding of historical dynamics.
Historiometry. --- History --- Historical models --- Historiometry --- Historiometrics --- Biography --- Psychohistory --- Mathematical models. --- Methodology --- Psychological aspects --- Mathematical models --- Statistical methods --- Demography --- Asia Minor. --- Black Death. --- English Revolution. --- Europe. --- France. --- Russia. --- agrarian polities. --- asabiya. --- autocatalytic model. --- boom–bust dynamics. --- boundless growth. --- class structure. --- cliodynamics. --- collective solidarity. --- collectivism. --- commoners. --- conflict legitimacy dynamics. --- cultural regions. --- demographic-fiscal model. --- demographic-structural theory. --- dynamical processes. --- elites. --- empires. --- endogenous systems. --- equilibrium. --- ethnic assimilation. --- ethnic identity. --- ethnies. --- ethnogenesis. --- ethnokinetic model. --- ethnokinetics. --- frontier index. --- frontiers. --- geopolitics. --- group dynamics. --- group solidarity. --- hierarchical modeling. --- historical dynamics. --- historical sociology. --- imperial boundaries. --- individualism. --- internal warfare. --- linguistic assimilation. --- marchland position. --- mathematical modeling. --- mathematical models. --- mathematical theory. --- metaethnic fault lines. --- metaethnic frontier theory. --- metaethnic frontiers. --- metaethnie. --- metastable dynamics. --- noninteractive model. --- nonlinear dynamics. --- political cycles. --- political instability. --- polity dynamics. --- population density. --- population dynamics. --- population numbers. --- population oscillations. --- primary data. --- process order. --- quantitative theories. --- religious conversion. --- secondary data. --- secular cycles. --- secular oscillations. --- social capital. --- socioeconomic dynamics. --- sociopolitical stability. --- state breakdown. --- sustained oscillations. --- territorial dynamics. --- threshold model. --- vulnerability.
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A bold new religious history of the late antique and medieval Middle East that places ordinary Christians at the center of the storyIn the second half of the first millennium CE, the Christian Middle East fractured irreparably into competing churches and Arabs conquered the region, setting in motion a process that would lead to its eventual conversion to Islam. Jack Tannous argues that key to understanding these dramatic religious transformations are ordinary religious believers, often called "the simple" in late antique and medieval sources. Largely agrarian and illiterate, these Christians outnumbered Muslims well into the era of the Crusades, and yet they have typically been invisible in our understanding of the Middle East's history.What did it mean for Christian communities to break apart over theological disagreements that most people could not understand? How does our view of the rise of Islam change if we take seriously the fact that Muslims remained a demographic minority for much of the Middle Ages? In addressing these and other questions, Tannous provides a sweeping reinterpretation of the religious history of the medieval Middle East.This provocative book draws on a wealth of Greek, Syriac, and Arabic sources to recast these conquered lands as largely Christian ones whose growing Muslim populations are properly understood as converting away from and in competition with the non-Muslim communities around them.
Middle East --- Moyen Orient --- Religion --- 28 <5-011> --- 28 <5-011> Christelijke kerken, secten. Kristelijke kerken--(algemeen)--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- 28 <5-011> Les diverses Eglises chretiennes:--general--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Christelijke kerken, secten. Kristelijke kerken--(algemeen)--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Les diverses Eglises chretiennes:--general--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Christians-Middle East-History. --- Middle East-Church history. --- Middle East-Religion-History-To 1500. --- RELIGION / Christianity / History. --- Abbasid Baghdad. --- Arab Muslim immigrants. --- Arab conquerors. --- Arab conquests. --- Arab encampments. --- Arabic. --- Chalcedonians. --- Christian Middle East. --- Christian authorities. --- Christian beliefs. --- Christian communities. --- Christian community. --- Christian confession. --- Christian doctrines. --- Christian education. --- Christian history. --- Christian identity. --- Christian leaders. --- Christian literature. --- Christian message. --- Christian movements. --- Christian schools. --- Christian tradition. --- Christianity. --- Christians. --- Christian–Muslim interaction. --- Christian–Muslim relations. --- Church of the East. --- Eucharist. --- Islam. --- Islamic history. --- Islamic tradition. --- Jacob of Edessa. --- Jews. --- Miaphysite church. --- Miaphysite. --- Miaphysites. --- Middle Ages. --- Middle East. --- Middle Eastern Christian. --- Muhammad. --- Muslim habitation. --- Muslim rule. --- Muslim tradition. --- Muslims. --- Prophet. --- Qenneshre. --- Roman Middle East. --- Roman Syria. --- Roman state. --- Syria. --- Syriac language. --- basic education. --- canons. --- church leaders. --- clergy. --- community formation. --- confessional allegiance. --- confessional indifference. --- continuities. --- cultural institutions. --- debate. --- doctrinal difference. --- doctrinal theology. --- educational institutions. --- family connections. --- garrison cities. --- intercultural exchange. --- learned philosophers. --- literacy. --- material benefits. --- medieval Middle East. --- military upheaval. --- monasteries. --- non-Muslims. --- political discontinuity. --- political power. --- post-Chalcedonian. --- religious believers. --- religious claims. --- religious competition. --- religious conversion. --- religious difference. --- religious diversity. --- religious dynamics. --- religious framework. --- religious minority. --- religious motivation. --- religious questions. --- religious tradition. --- religious traditions. --- rival churches. --- sacraments. --- salaf. --- shared experiences. --- shared settings. --- simple Christians. --- simple Muslims. --- simple believer. --- simple believers. --- simple faith. --- simplicity. --- theological literacy. --- theological speculation. --- translations. --- violence.
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