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Improving psychological well-being and cognitive health is now listed as the priority on the healthy aging agenda. Depression and cognitive impairment are great challenges for the elderly population. There have been numerous studies on depression and cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the neural correlates of depression and cognitive impairment have not yet been elucidated. With the development of neuroscience and relevant technologies, studies on anatomical and functional neural networks, neurobiological mechanisms of mood and cognition in old age will provide more insight into the potential diagnosis, prevention and intervention in depression and cognitive impairment. For example, longitudinal neuroimaging studies depicting the trajectories of patterns of structural and functional brain networks of mild cognitive impairment may provide potential imaging markers for the onset of dementia. Population-based studies have addressed the potential interaction between mood and cognitive impairment in old age. However, there are few studies to explore the potential neural mechanism of the relationship between depression and cognitive impairment in old age. In all of this process the contribution of multiple biological events cannot be neglected, particularly the underlying influence of chronic diseases and concomitant polymedication as well as the geriatric conditions, like frailty, frequently present in this elderly population, which also compromise the cognitive function and mood determining depression and conducing to worse outcomes with more morbidity and mortality.

mood disorder --- mild cognitive impairment --- Alzheimer

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Improving psychological well-being and cognitive health is now listed as the priority on the healthy aging agenda. Depression and cognitive impairment are great challenges for the elderly population. There have been numerous studies on depression and cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the neural correlates of depression and cognitive impairment have not yet been elucidated. With the development of neuroscience and relevant technologies, studies on anatomical and functional neural networks, neurobiological mechanisms of mood and cognition in old age will provide more insight into the potential diagnosis, prevention and intervention in depression and cognitive impairment. For example, longitudinal neuroimaging studies depicting the trajectories of patterns of structural and functional brain networks of mild cognitive impairment may provide potential imaging markers for the onset of dementia. Population-based studies have addressed the potential interaction between mood and cognitive impairment in old age. However, there are few studies to explore the potential neural mechanism of the relationship between depression and cognitive impairment in old age. In all of this process the contribution of multiple biological events cannot be neglected, particularly the underlying influence of chronic diseases and concomitant polymedication as well as the geriatric conditions, like frailty, frequently present in this elderly population, which also compromise the cognitive function and mood determining depression and conducing to worse outcomes with more morbidity and mortality.

mood disorder --- mild cognitive impairment --- Alzheimer

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In the context of Arabic and Semitic, it is only natural to treat case and mood under one umbrella: Arab grammarians ingenuously devised the same terms for the independent case and the independent mood on the one hand, and for the dependent case and the dependent mood, respectively. Still, the main focus of these proceedings lies on case in Semitic and Afroasiatic, wherever relevant. Thereby, taking up controversial data, issues, arguments and discussion is indispensable.The volume contains contributions covering data mainly from Akkadian, Hebrew, Arabic, Ethio-Semitic, Berber, and selected Cushitic and Omotic languages. One paper investigates the diachronic development of case and the mimation in Akkadian, another discusses a number of accepted as well as a number of controversial residues of case in Biblical Hebrew and proposes suggestions of reanalysis in this context. A critical reading of chapter 17 of al-Za a i's dah is offered as well as a summary and further development of recent discussion on the scenario of case in historical varieties of Arabic. The discussion about "The Case for Proto-Semitic and Proto-Arabic Case" is followed up. Furthermore, the intricacies of delimitating the concepts of case and state in Berber are discussed as well as the meaningfulness of applying the opposition "nominative" vs. "absolutive", which is widely acknowledged to be valid in a broader Afroasiatic perspective, to Semitic. The final paper rounds up the volume with some more general deliberations on the verbal system in Semitic, thereby proposing a four-stage model.

Semitic languages --- Case --- Case grammar --- Mood --- Grammar, Comparative

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"Intrinsic Clocks" presents an array of current research activities on intrinsic clocks and their contributions to biology and physiology. It elucidates the current models for the intrinsic clocks, their molecular components and key mechanisms as well as the key brain regions and animal models for their behavioral analysis. It provides a timely view on how these clocks guide behavior, and how their disruption may cause depressive-like behavior and impairment in cognitive functions. Thereby, any specific method by which the mood-related functions of the intrinsic clocks might be influenced bears therapeutic potential and has clinical interest. The importance of some of these mechanisms was highlighted by the 2017 award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young for their discoveries of the genetic control of the daily biological rhythm. The key to the explanation was the discovery of transcription-translation feedback loops of the so-called “clock genes.”

nocturnal --- circadian --- tanycytes --- hippocampus --- mood --- diurnal --- seasonal --- cryptochrome --- oscillation --- small-molecule

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This book presents the essential background for understanding semantic theories of mood. 'Mood' as a category is widely used in the description of languages and the formal analysis of their grammatical properties. It typically refers to the features of a sentence-individual morphemes or grammatical patterns-that reflect how the sentence contributes to the modal meaning of a larger phrase, or that indicate the type of fundamental pragmatic function that it has in conversation. In this volume, Paul Portner discusses the most significant semantic theories relating to the two main subtypes of mood: verbal mood, including the categories of indicative and subjunctive subordinate clauses, and sentence mood, encompassing declaratives, interrogatives, and imperatives. He evaluates those theories, compares them, and draws connections between seemingly disparate approaches, and he formalizes some of the literature's most important ideas in new ways in order to draw out their most significant insights.0Ultimately, this work shows that there are crucial connections between verbal mood and sentence mood which point the way towards a more general understanding of how mood works and its relation to other topics in linguistics; it also outlines the type of semantic and pragmatic theory which will make it possible to explain these relations. The book will be a valuable resource for researchers and students from advanced undergraduate level upwards in the fields of semantics and pragmatics, philosophy, computer science, and psychology.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Semantics --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Mood --- Mode (Grammar) --- Mood (Grammar) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Language and languages --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Verb --- Sémantique --- Modes (linguistique) --- Grammaire comparée --- Sémantique. --- Grammaire comparée. --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Grammar --- Pragmatics