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Self-destructive behavior. --- Self-control. --- Self-discipline --- Self-mastery --- Control (Psychology) --- Discipline --- Self-destructiveness --- Psychology, Pathological

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The Skillfulness of Virtue provides a new framework for understanding virtue as a skill, based on psychological research on self-regulation and expertise. Matt Stichter lays the foundations of his argument by bringing together theories of self-regulation and skill acquisition, which he then uses as grounds to discuss virtue development as a process of skill acquisition. This account of virtue as skill has important implications for debates about virtue in both virtue ethics and virtue epistemology. Furthermore, it engages seriously with criticisms of virtue theory that arise in moral psychology, as psychological experiments reveal that there are many obstacles to acting and thinking well, even for those with the best of intentions. Stichter draws on self-regulation strategies and examples of deliberate practice in skill acquisition to show how we can overcome some of these obstacles, and become more skillful in our moral and epistemic virtues.

Self-control. --- Control (Psychology) --- Virtue. --- Conduct of life. --- PHILOSOPHY / Ethics & Moral Philosophy. --- Ethics, Practical --- Morals --- Personal conduct --- Ethics --- Philosophical counseling --- Conduct of life --- Human acts --- Power (Psychology) --- Emotions --- Psychology --- Senses and sensation --- Self-discipline --- Self-mastery --- Discipline

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Why do some military and rebel groups commit many types of violence, creating an impression of senseless chaos, whereas others carefully control violence against civilians? A classic catch-22 faces the leaders of armed groups and provides the title for Amelia Hoover Green's book. Leaders need large groups of people willing to kill and maim-but to do so only under strict control. How can commanders control violence when fighters who are not under direct supervision experience extraordinary stress, fear, and anger? The Commander's Dilemma argues that discipline is not enough in wartime. Restraint occurs when fighters know why they are fighting and believe in the cause-that is, when commanders invest in political education.Drawing on extraordinary evidence about state and nonstate groups in El Salvador, and extending her argument to the Mano River wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone, Amelia Hoover Green shows that investments in political education can improve human rights outcomes even where rational incentives for restraint are weak-and that groups whose fighters lack a sense of purpose may engage in massive violence even where incentives for restraint are strong. Hoover Green concludes that high levels of violence against civilians should be considered a "default setting," not an aberration.

Civilians in war --- Political socialization --- Political violence --- Control (Psychology) --- Command of troops --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Leadership, Military --- Military leadership --- Troops, Command of --- Military art and science --- Leadership --- War --- War and society --- Power (Psychology) --- Emotions --- Psychology --- Senses and sensation --- Socialization, Political --- Political psychology --- Political sociology --- Socialization --- Violence against --- History --- Violence against. --- Psychological aspects. --- El Salvador --- Politics and government

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Tourists to Ouidah, a city on the coast of the Republic of Bénin, in West Africa, typically visit a few well-known sites of significance to the Vodún religion-the Python Temple, where Dangbé, the python spirit, is worshipped, and King Kpasse's sacred forest, which is the seat of the Vodún deity known as Lokò. However, other, less familiar places, such as the palace of the so-called supreme chief of Vodún in Bénin, are also rising in popularity as tourists become increasingly adventurous and as more Vodún priests and temples make themselves available to foreigners in the hopes of earning extra money.Timothy R. Landry examines the connections between local Vodún priests and spiritual seekers who travel to Bénin-some for the snapshot, others for full-fledged initiation into the religion. He argues that the ways in which the Vodún priests and tourists negotiate the transfer of confidential, sacred knowledge create its value. The more secrecy that surrounds Vodún ritual practice and material culture, the more authentic, coveted, and, consequently, expensive that knowledge becomes. Landry writes as anthropologist and initiate, having participated in hundreds of Vodún ceremonies, rituals, and festivals.Examining the role of money, the incarnation of deities, the limits of adaptation for the transnational community, and the belief in spirits, sorcery, and witchcraft, Vodún ponders the ethical implications of producing and consuming culture by local and international agents. Highlighting the ways in which racialization, power, and the legacy of colonialism affect the procurement and transmission of secret knowledge in West Africa and beyond, Landry demonstrates how, paradoxically, secrecy is critically important to Vodún's global expansion.

Vodou --- Secrecy --- Control (Psychology) --- Tourism --- Ethnology --- Holiday industry --- Operators, Tour (Industry) --- Tour operators (Industry) --- Tourism industry --- Tourism operators (Industry) --- Tourist industry --- Tourist trade --- Tourist traffic --- Travel industry --- Visitor industry --- Service industries --- National tourism organizations --- Travel --- Vaudou --- Vodun --- Voodoo (Religion) --- Voodooism --- Voodou --- Vooduism --- Voudon --- Voudooism --- Voudouism --- Voudoun --- Vudu --- Cults --- Economic aspects --- History --- Religious aspects --- Vodou. --- Religious aspects. --- Anthropology. --- Folklore. --- Linguistics. --- Religion. --- Religious Studies. --- Sociology.

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In coercive diplomacy, states threaten military action to persuade opponents to change their behaviour. The goal is to achieve a target's compliance without incurring the cost in blood and treasure of military intervention. Coercers typically employ this strategy toward weaker actors, but targets often refuse to submit and the parties enter into war. To explain these puzzling failures of coercive diplomacy, existing accounts generally refer to coercers' perceived lack of resolve or targets' social norms and identities. What these approaches either neglect or do not examine systematically is the role that emotions play in these encounters. This work contends that target leaders' affective experience can shape their decision-making in significant ways. The study introduces an additional, emotion-based action model besides the traditional logics of consequences and appropriateness.

Emotions. --- Choice (Psychology) --- Control (Psychology) --- Power (Psychology) --- Emotions --- Psychology --- Senses and sensation --- Feelings --- Human emotions --- Passions --- Affect (Psychology) --- Affective neuroscience --- Apathy --- Pathognomy --- USA --- United States of America --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Nordamerika --- Amerika --- United States --- Etats Unis --- Etats-Unis --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Estados Unidos de America --- EEUU --- Vereinigte Staaten von Nordamerika --- Soedinennye Štaty Ameriki --- SŠA --- Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki Północnej --- Hēnōmenai Politeiai tēs Boreiu Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- HēPA --- Ēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- ĒPA --- Meiguo --- Etats-Unis d'Amérique --- US --- Amerikaner --- Konföderierte Staaten von Amerika --- Soedinennye Štaty Ameriki --- SŠA --- Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki Północnej --- Hēnōmenai Politeiai tēs Boreiu Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- HēPA --- Ēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- ĒPA --- Etats-Unis d'Amérique --- Konföderierte Staaten von Amerika