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Creoles have long been the subject of debate in linguistics, with many conflicting views, both on how they are formed, and what their political and linguistic status should be. Indeed, over the past twenty years, some creole specialists have argued that it has been wrong to think of creoles as anything but language blends in the same way that Yiddish is a blend of German and Hebrew and Slavic. Here, John H. McWhorter debunks the most widely accepted idea that creoles are created in the same way as 'children', taking characteristics from both 'parent' languages, and its underlying assumption that all historical and biological processes are the same. Instead, the facts support the original, and more interesting, argument that creoles are their own unique entity and are among the world's only genuinely new languages.

Creole dialects. --- Languages in contact. --- Creole dialects --- Languages in contact --- Creole languages --- Creolized languages --- Creolan languages --- Sociolinguistics --- Areal linguistics --- Languages, Mixed --- Pidgin languages

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This multinational collection of essays challenges the traditional image of a monolingual Ancient Regime in Enlightenment Europe, both East and West. Its archival research explores the important role played by selective language use in social life and in the educational provisions in the early constitution of modern society. A broad range of case studies show how language was viewed and used symbolically by social groups "ranging from the nobility to the peasantry" to develop, express, and mark their identities.

Sociolinguistics --- anno 1700-1799 --- Europe --- Historical linguistics --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and history --- Linguistics --- History --- E-books --- Historical linguistics. --- Languages in contact --- Multilingualism --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Areal linguistics

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"La taille impressionnante de ce quatrième volume de la série De lingua et linguis, née du projet de recherches franco-allemand Eurolab...est à la mesure de l'enthousiasme, de l'ambition et de la persévérance qui y ont présidé. Cherchant à mieux comprendre les dynamiques des langues vernaculaires dans l'Europe de la Renaissance en considérant aussi bien les langues de la Romania que celles de la Germania, nous avions choisi d'étudier des 'laboratoires' dans lesquels les langues vernaculaires, dans leur confrontation même avec le latin mais aussi avec les autres vernaculaires, s'expérimentent et s'élaborent selon des modalités qu'il fallait encore largement mettre au jour dans leurs liens déterminants avec les autres langues."--"Avant-propos", p. [7].

Cities and towns. --- Languages in contact. --- Multilingualism. --- Cities and towns --- Multilingualism --- Languages in contact --- History --- Sociolinguistics --- anno 1500-1599 --- anno 1600-1699 --- Hamburg --- Milan --- Naples --- Palermo --- Antwerp --- Areal linguistics --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Language and languages --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Human settlements --- Sociology, Urban --- Multilingualism - Europe - History - 16th century --- Languages in contact - Europe - History - 16th century

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Texts of the past were often not monolingual but were produced by and for people with bi- or multilingual repertoires; the communicative practices witnessed in them therefore reflect ongoing and earlier language contact situations. However, textbooks and earlier research tend to display a monolingual bias. This collected volume on multilingual practices in historical materials, including code-switching, highlights the importance of a multilingual approach. The authors explore multilingualism in hitherto neglected genres, periods and areas, introduce new methods of locating and analysing multiple languages in various sources, and review terminology, theories and tools. The studies also revisit some of the issues already introduced in previous research, such as Latin interacting with European vernaculars and the complex relationship between code-switching and lexical borrowing. Collectively, the contributors show that multilingual practices share many of the same features regardless of time and place, and that one way or the other, all historical texts are multilingual. This book takes the next step in historical multilingualism studies by establishing the relevance of the multilingual approach to understanding language history.

Code switching (Linguistics) --- Languages in contact --- Multilingualism --- Multilingualism and literature --- English language --- Historical linguistics. --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and history --- Linguistics --- Literature and multilingualism --- Literature --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Areal linguistics --- Language shift --- Switching (Linguistics) --- Bilingualism --- Diglossia (Linguistics) --- History. --- History --- Code-switching --- Germanic languages --- Code-switching. --- Historical Linguistics. --- Multilingualism.

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The Routledge Handbook of Language and Superdiversity provides an accessible and authoritative overview of this growing area, the linguistic analysis of interaction in superdiverse cities. Developed as a descriptive term to account for the increasingly stratified processes and effects of migration in Western Europe, ‘superdiversity’ has the potential to contribute to an enhanced understanding of mobility, complexity, and change, with theoretical, practical, global, and methodological reach. With seven sections edited by leading names, the handbook includes 35 state-of-the art chapters from international authorities. The handbook adopts a truly interdisciplinary approach, covering: Cultural heritage; Sport; Law; Education; Business and entrepreneurship. The result is a truly comprehensive account of how people live, work and communicate in superdiverse spaces. This volume is key reading for all those engaged in the study and research of Language and Superdiversity within Applied Linguistics, Linguistic Anthropology and related areas.

Sociolinguistics --- Multilingualism --- Languages in contact --- Language and languages --- Social aspects --- Variation --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Language and culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Areal linguistics --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Sociological aspects --- Multilingualism - Social aspects - Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Languages in contact - Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Language and languages - Variation - Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Sociolinguistics - Handbooks, manuals, etc.