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La Première Guerre mondiale a constitué à la fois un tournant et un bouleversement pour les finances publiques des pays belligérants : en mobilisant de nouvelles ressources financières, le conflit a tout d’abord remis en question les équilibres monétaires et financiers ; il a également ouvert un long cycle de déficit budgétaire, d’endettement et d’inflation. L’étude de ce front financier a fait l’objet d’une première publication de travaux inédits sur une question jusque-là peu étudiée. À l’échelle des institutions politiques et financières, la Grande Guerre a déstabilisé le système de gestion des finances publiques et engendré désorganisation administrative, désordres comptables puis improvisations et innovations multiples. L’émergence d’un nouveau visage de l’État dans les pays européens engagés dans la guerre a fait l’objet d’une deuxième publication, qui complète ainsi la première par le regard neuf qu’elle offre sur le fonctionnement interne des administrations en temps de guerre. Faisant suite à ces deux ouvrages, ce troisième volume entend se centrer sur l’appel à la fiscalité qui a pris le relais de l’appel à l’épargne pour financer la guerre. Quels types de taxes les gouvernements ont-ils développé ou créé ? Le patriotisme financier manifesté lors des emprunts s’est-il prolongé dans un consensus autour de l’impôt ou bien s’est-il conjugué avec des résistances, voire le développement de fraudes, face à l’augmentation des contributions fiscales ? Dans ce volume, l’analyse comparative des effets de l’élévation de la fiscalité dans les différents pays belligérants nourrit la réflexion historique et permet de tracer là encore des similitudes et des différences parfois inattendues entre les pays. Une bibliographie thématique réunit les références des trois volumes et s’enrichit des dernières parutions scientifiques sur la Grande Guerre.

Economics --- History --- 14-18 --- État --- finances publiques --- fiscalité --- gestion des finances --- impôt --- commerce --- entreprises --- finances --- France --- industrie --- industrie militaire --- relations franco-américaines --- Economic conditions --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946)

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The quasi-federal European Union stands out as the major exception in the thinly institutionalized world of international politics. Something has led Europeans-and only Europeans-beyond the nation-state to a fundamentally new political architecture. Craig Parsons argues in A Certain Idea of Europe that this "something" was a particular set of ideas generated in Western Europe after the Second World War. In Parsons's view, today's European Union reflects the ideological (and perhaps visionary) project of an elite minority. His book traces the progressive victory of this project in France, where the battle over European institutions erupted most divisively. Drawing on archival research and extensive interviews with French policymakers, the author carefully traces a fifty-year conflict between radically different European plans. Only through aggressive leadership did the advocates of a supranational "community" Europe succeed at building the EU and binding their opponents within it. Parsons puts the causal impact of ideas, and their binding effects through institutions, at the center of his book. In so doing he presents a strong logic of "social construction"-a sharp departure from other accounts of EU history that downplay the role of ideas and ideology.

Europe. --- Political Science & Political History. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Economy. --- European Union --- E.U. --- History. --- France --- Europe --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Politics and government --- Foreign relations

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The Islamic Veil Affairs (2003-4 and 2009-2011), which led to the banning of Muslim girls wearing Islamic headscarves in French public schools and women wearing full-face veils in public, have raised serious concerns about the relationship between secularism and the freedom of religious expression. In Unveiling the French Republic: National Identity, Secularism, and Islam in Contemporary France , Per-Erik Nilsson engages in a careful critical analysis of the Veil Affairs. His critique, for the most part, is not on the decision of Muslim women to wear the veil but rather on the misuse of secular ideology to justify religious intolerance and mask ethnic prejudice.

Secularism --- Islam --- France --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Religion

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Le mariage des immigrés algériens, primo-migrants et enfants d’immigrés, est pris ici comme indicateur des modifications qui concernent aussi bien les règles que les enjeux des stratégies matrimoniales. C’est le rapport à la société d’accueil et au pays d’origine et son évolution, ainsi que celle de la famille en situation migratoire, qui sont saisis avec les heurts que cela suscite entre parents et enfants, entre aînés et cadets. Mais c’est aussi la dynamique propre au regroupement de familles immigrées au sein du quartier et les différentes formes de vie communautaire qui sont considérées en tant qu’environnement et ensemble de relations pratiques influant plus ou moins sur le choix du conjoint. L’étude de 1129 mariages pour l’ensemble de la ville de Saint-Etienne sur une période de 23 ans (de 1960 à 1982) se conjugue avec une analyse qualitative à partir d’un des quartiers de la ville pour donner à voir les aménagements, les négociations, les conflits et les ruptures ou les compromis au sein des familles. Une typologie où se combinent aire de recrutement et ethnicité du conjoint différencie le mariage « traditionnel », le mariage « négocié » et le mariage « individuel » et reflète les rapports de force pour la maîtrise de la démarche matrimoniale. Cela révèle des postures et des dispositions chez les enfants qu’on distingue avec trois figures : le « sonac » (en continuité), le « bu » (en rupture), Te « lascar » (figé dans l’« entre-deux »). En contre-point, l’analyse des pratiques matrimoniales dans le pays d’origine met en exergue des évolutions et surtout un remodelage du lien communautaire qui ne concerne pas les seuls émigrés.

Marriage --- France --- Emigration and immigration --- Algerians --- Social conditions. --- Social conditions --- Le Marais (Saint-Etienne, Loire, France) --- Emigration and immigration. --- Ethnology --- Married life --- Matrimony --- Nuptiality --- Wedlock --- Love --- Sacraments --- Betrothal --- Courtship --- Families --- Home --- Honeymoons --- Marais (Saint-Etienne, Loire, France) --- Quartier du Marais (Saint-Etienne, Loire, France) --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Marriage - France - Saint-Etienne (Loire) --- France - Emigration and immigration --- mariage --- immigré --- immigration --- algérien --- vie communautaire --- vie matrimoniale --- famille

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This volume explores how France’s ‘modernising mission’ unfolded during the post-war period and its reverberations in the decades after empire. In the aftermath of the Second World War, France sought to reinvent its empire by transforming the traditional ‘civilising mission’ into a ‘modernising mission’. Henceforth, French claims to rule would be based on extending citizenship rights and the promise of economic development and welfare within a ‘Greater France’. In the face of rising anti-colonial mobilization and a new international order, redefining the terms that bound colonised peoples and territories to the metropole was a strategic necessity but also a dynamic which Paris struggled to control. The language of reform and equality was seized upon locally to make claims on metropolitan resources and wrest away the political initiative. Intertwined with coercion and violence, the struggle to define what ‘modernisation’ would mean for colonised societies was a key factor in the wider process of decolonisation. Contributions by leading specialists extend geographically from Africa to the Pacific and to metropolitan France itself, examining a range of topics including education policy, colonial knowledge production, rural development and slum clearance. .

History. --- France --- Imperialism. --- Social history. --- World politics. --- History of France. --- Social History. --- Political History. --- Imperialism and Colonialism. --- Colonies --- France-History. --- Colonialism --- Empires --- Expansion (United States politics) --- Neocolonialism --- Political science --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Caesarism --- Chauvinism and jingoism --- Militarism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Descriptive sociology --- Social conditions --- Social history --- History --- Sociology --- France—History. --- Administration --- Decolonization --- Imperialism --- Territories and possessions --- Social conditions. --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946)