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Energy consumption --- Electrification --- Forecasting. --- United States.
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Electric power production --- Electrification --- Africa, Sub-Saharan.
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Economic assistance, American --- Electrification --- Technical assistance, American --- Electric utilities
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Electric power production --- Electrification --- Mathematical models. --- Forecasting. --- United States.
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A l'heure actuelle, 600 millions de personnes en Afrique subsaharienne n'ont pas accès à l'électricité. En particulier, les régions rurales ne sont généralement pas desservies par le réseau électrique national en raison de la grande dispersion des habitants et de leur faible demande en électricité. Pour remédier à ce problème, des solutions de production d'électricité décentralisée sont mises en place, indépendantes du réseau principal. Ce mémoire porte sur la comparaison des différentes technologies de production d'électricité décentralisée existantes au niveau des aspects économiques, environnementaux et techniques en Afrique rurale. Réalisé dans le cadre d'un stage chez Ingénieurs sans frontières, association spécialisée dans le domaine de l'électrification rurale en Afrique subsaharienne, le travail est ensuite consacré à un cas pratique lié à un projet en cours de l'association. Dans ce cadre, les technologies de production d'électricité possibles pour l'électrification d'un hôpital en République Démocratique du Congo sont étudiées. L'étude démontre que les installations photovoltaïques restent les plus appropriées pour de tels projets en raison de leur simplicité d'utilisation. De plus, les impacts environnementaux et financiers sont nettement moindres que lors de l'utilisation d'un générateur à énergie fossile, solution la plus commune actuellement. Toutefois, il est important de préciser que les panneaux photovoltaïques restent une technologie complexe, difficile à réparer et demandant de grands investissements financiers, ce qui rend la solution peu accessible sans subside préalable. Currently, 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa do not have access to electricity. In particular, rural areas are generally not served by the national power grid due to the large population dispersion and the low demand for electricity. To overcome this problem, decentralized electricity generation solutions are implemented, independent of the main grid. This thesis deals with the comparison of the different technologies of decentralized electricity production in terms of economic, environmental and technical aspects in rural Africa. Carried out as part of an internship at Engineers Without Borders, an association specialized in the field of rural electrification in sub-Saharan Africa, the work is then devoted to a practical case related to an ongoing project of the association. In this context, the potential electricity generation technologies for the electrification of a hospital in the Democratic Republic of Congo are studied. The study shows that photovoltaic installations remain the most appropriate for such projects because of their ease of use. In addition, the environmental and financial impacts are much lower than when using a fossil fuel generator, the most common solution currently. However, it is important to note that photovoltaic panels remain a complex technology, difficult to repair and requiring large financial investments, which makes the solution difficult to access without previous subsidies.
Afrique --- Electrification rurale --- Electricité décentralisée --- Energie renouvelable --- Africa --- Rural electrification --- Decentralized electricity --- Renewable energy --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Energie
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As many as 50 million people in Pakistan may still live without connection to the electric grid. Pakistan also has some of the world's worst power outages. Using data from a nationally representative two-period panel survey, this paper presents the first empirical evidence on the cost of unreliable electricity supply to households in Pakistan. The results show that lack of connectivity and poor reliability may be costing the country at least USD 4.5 billion (1.7 percent of gross domestic product) a year. Addressing the problem requires energy sector reforms to correct regulatory and institutional distortions in the gas and electricity sectors.
Benefits Of Electrification --- Education --- Educational Sciences --- Electric Power --- Electricity --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Demand --- Energy Policies & Economics --- Health Care Services Industry --- Household Welfare --- Industry --- Rural Electrification
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Electric power distribution --- Electrical engineering --- Electrification --- Electric power production --- Electric engineering --- Engineering
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