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This paper examines the impact of highway expansion on aggregate productivity growth and sectoral reallocation between cities in China. To do so, I construct a unique dataset of bilateral transportation costs between Chinese cities, digitized highway network maps, and firm-level census. I first derive and estimate a market access measure that summarizes all direct and indirect impact of trade costs on city productivity. I then construct an instrumental variable to examine the causal impact of highways on economic outcomes and the underlying channels. The results suggest that highways promoted aggregate productivity growth by facilitating firm entry, exit and reallocation. I also find evidence that the national highway system led to a sectoral reallocation between cities in China.
Urban transportation. --- City transportation --- Metropolitan transportation --- Municipal transportation --- Transportation, Urban --- City planning --- Transportation --- Urban policy --- China --- Economic conditions. --- Infrastructure --- Production and Operations Management --- Demography --- Industries: Manufacturing --- Trade: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General --- General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data) --- Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Demographic Economics: General --- Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General --- Macroeconomics --- Population & demography --- Manufacturing industries --- Productivity --- Total factor productivity --- Population and demographics --- National accounts --- Manufacturing --- Economic sectors --- Saving and investment --- Industrial productivity --- Population --- China, People's Republic of
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Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Chinese languages
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Transport Infrastructure, City Productivity Growth and Sectoral Reallocation: Evidence from China.
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This book presents the design, development and field trials of radio frequency based wireless monitoring system for sleep apnoea patients. It contains 4 major areas including general background of wireless monitoring technology and MIMO in wireless body area network (WBAN), microwave hardware designs, virtual MIMO in WBAN and hardware system level implementation and field trials. At components level, this book presents the design theory, process and examples of bandpass filters, lowpass filters, low profile patch antennas, power amplifiers and oscillators which are the key elements in transducer designs in the body area network and cooperative communication wireless sensor network system. At system level, this book features the hardware integration, field trial and network coding techniques. This book also gives a presentation of virtual MIMO applications, e.g. MIMO implementation using FPGA, correlation coefficient measurement and correlation coefficient measurement. The book will create impact in the fields of wireless monitoring technology in biomedical engineering, which have been growing exponentially.
Radio frequency identification systems. --- MIMO systems. --- Body area networks (Electronics) --- BANs (Body area networks) --- WBANs (Wireless body area networks) --- Wireless body area networks (Electronics) --- Multiple input-multiple output systems --- Identification systems, Radio frequency --- RF/ID systems --- RFID systems --- Engineering. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Microwaves. --- Optical engineering. --- Electrical engineering. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Communications Engineering, Networks. --- Wireless sensor networks --- Wireless communication systems --- Identification --- Radio telemetry --- Near-field communication --- Equipment and supplies --- Telecommunication. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Electric communication --- Mass communication --- Telecom --- Telecommunication industry --- Telecommunications --- Communication --- Information theory --- Telecommuting --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Electric engineering --- Mechanical engineering
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This book presents the design, development and field trials of radio frequency based wireless monitoring system for sleep apnoea patients. It contains 4 major areas including general background of wireless monitoring technology and MIMO in wireless body area network (WBAN), microwave hardware designs, virtual MIMO in WBAN and hardware system level implementation and field trials. At components level, this book presents the design theory, process and examples of bandpass filters, lowpass filters, low profile patch antennas, power amplifiers and oscillators which are the key elements in transducer designs in the body area network and cooperative communication wireless sensor network system. At system level, this book features the hardware integration, field trial and network coding techniques. This book also gives a presentation of virtual MIMO applications, e.g. MIMO implementation using FPGA, correlation coefficient measurement and correlation coefficient measurement. The book will create impact in the fields of wireless monitoring technology in biomedical engineering, which have been growing exponentially.
Fluid mechanics --- Spectrometric and optical chemical analysis --- Human biochemistry --- Telecommunication technology --- Mass communications --- Biotechnology --- medische biochemie --- draadloze computernetwerken --- bio-engineering --- biomedische wetenschappen --- biotechnologie --- tekstverwerking --- telecommunicatie --- communicatietechnologie --- versterkers --- spectrometrie
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This book focuses on key simulation and evaluation technologies for 5G systems. Based on the most recent research results from academia and industry, it describes the evaluation methodologies in depth for network and physical layer technologies. The evaluation methods are discussed in depth. It also covers the analysis of the 5G candidate technologies and the testing challenges, the evolution of the testing technologies, fading channel measurement and modeling, software simulations, software hardware cosimulation, field testing and other novel evaluation methods. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications system targets highly improved network performances in terms of the network capacity and the number of connections. Testing and evaluation technologies is widely recognized and plays important roles in the wireless technology developments, along with the research on basic theory and key technologies. The investigation and developments on the multi-level and comprehensive evaluations for 5G new technologies, provides important performance references for the 5G technology filtering and future standardizations. Students focused on telecommunications, electronic engineering, computer science or other related disciplines will find this book useful as a secondary text. Researchers and professionals working within these related fields will also find this book useful as a reference.
Engineering. --- Computer communication systems. --- Operating systems (Computers). --- Electrical engineering. --- Communications Engineering, Networks. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Operating Systems. --- Electric engineering --- Engineering --- Computer operating systems --- Computers --- Disk operating systems --- Systems software --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Network computers --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Operating systems --- Distributed processing --- Wireless communication systems --- Technological innovations. --- Communication systems, Wireless --- Wireless data communication systems --- Wireless information networks --- Wireless telecommunication systems --- Telecommunication systems --- Telecommunication. --- Electric communication --- Mass communication --- Telecom --- Telecommunication industry --- Telecommunications --- Communication --- Information theory --- Telecommuting
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This book focuses on key simulation and evaluation technologies for 5G systems. Based on the most recent research results from academia and industry, it describes the evaluation methodologies in depth for network and physical layer technologies. The evaluation methods are discussed in depth. It also covers the analysis of the 5G candidate technologies and the testing challenges, the evolution of the testing technologies, fading channel measurement and modeling, software simulations, software hardware cosimulation, field testing and other novel evaluation methods. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications system targets highly improved network performances in terms of the network capacity and the number of connections. Testing and evaluation technologies is widely recognized and plays important roles in the wireless technology developments, along with the research on basic theory and key technologies. The investigation and developments on the multi-level and comprehensive evaluations for 5G new technologies, provides important performance references for the 5G technology filtering and future standardizations. Students focused on telecommunications, electronic engineering, computer science or other related disciplines will find this book useful as a secondary text. Researchers and professionals working within these related fields will also find this book useful as a reference.
Telecommunication technology --- Mass communications --- Computer architecture. Operating systems --- draadloze computernetwerken --- 5G --- mobiele netwerken --- tekstverwerking --- OS (operating system) --- computernetwerken --- communicatietechnologie
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Brain Informatics, BI 2018, held in Arlington, TX, USA, in December 2018. The 46 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 53 submissions. The papers are grouped thematically on cognitive and computational foundations of brain science, human information processing systems, brain big data analysis, curation and management, informatics paradigms for brain and mental health research, brain-machine intelligence and brain-inspired computing.
Artificial intelligence. --- Computer vision. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Neural networks (Computer science) --- Optical data processing. --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Optical equipment
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This paper analyzes the relationship between fiscal and structural policies and gender inequality in education and labor force participation for countries at different stages of development. Due to the substantial number of possible factors that link with gender inequality previously highlighted in the literature, we pay particular attention to addressing model uncertainty and using various statistical methods to find the variables with the strongest links to gender gaps. We find that higher public spending on education, better sanitation facilities, low adolescent fertility, and narrower marriage age gaps are significantly related to narrower gender gaps in education. We also find that better infrastructure, a stronger institutional environment, more equal legal rights, and low adolescent fertility rates are strongly associated with higher female labor force participation. When labor market protection is low, an increase in protection is associated with a narrowing of labor force participation gaps between men and women. But when labor market protection levels are high, an increase in protection is associated with a widening in labor force participation gaps.
Sex role --- Gender role --- Sex (Psychology) --- Sex differences (Psychology) --- Social role --- Gender expression --- Sexism --- Economic aspects. --- Gender roles --- Gendered role --- Gendered roles --- Role, Gender --- Role, Gendered --- Role, Sex --- Roles, Gender --- Roles, Gendered --- Roles, Sex --- Sex roles --- Labor --- Women''s Studies' --- Gender Studies --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Education and Inequality --- Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition --- Education: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Gender studies, gender groups --- Education --- Gender studies --- women & girls --- Labor force participation --- Gender inequality --- Gender diversity --- Women --- Gender --- Labor market --- Sex discrimination --- United States
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If experimental subjects arbitrage against market interest rates when making intertemporal allocations of cash, the data will reveal nothing about subjects' discount rates, only uncovering subjects' market interest rates. If they frame choices narrowly, market rates will not be salient and the experiment will uncover subjects' utility discount rates. We test arbitrage directly by forcing all transactions with subjects to be instant electronic bank transfers, thus making arbitrage easy and salient. We also employ four decision frames to test alternative hypotheses. Our evidence contradicts arbitrage, supports money as a valid reward, and suggests framing as a correlate with present bias.
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