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Georg Freiherr von Werthern war von 1867 bis 1888 preußischer Gesandter in München, hatte also den bedeutendsten innerdeutschen Diplomatenposten inne. Er war von Bismarck zwar für höhere Posten bestimmt – Wien, Konstantinopel, sogar für das Staatssekretariat des Auswärtigen –, lehnte jedoch aus privaten Gründen ab, vor allem aber, weil ihm das angenehme gesellschaftliche Leben in der bayerischen Hauptstadt gefiel, wo er mit den Malern Kaulbach und Lenbach, mit dem Historiker Ranke und anderen verkehrte. Die Quellen umfassen Auszüge aus seinem Tagebuch und seine vertraulichen und geheimen Berichte an Bismarck. Sie bieten u.a. bisher unbekannte Einzelheiten über die Haltung des bayerischen Königs, Ludwig II., zur deutschen Reichseinigung, über diverse Audienzen bei ihm und über dessen Tod am 13. Juni 1886 im Starnberger See. Die Quellen über die Todesumstände ergeben den klaren Indizienbeweis, dass der König seinen ihn begleitenden »Irrenarzt«, Dr. Gudden, erwürgt hat und selbst an einem Herzschlag gestorben sein dürfte.

Bismarck, Otto, --- Werthern, Georg,‏ ‎ --- Bavaria. Germany --- biographies --- history of diplomacy --- Political History --- Bismarck-Schönhausen, Otto Eduard Leopold von, --- Bismark-Shengauzen, Otto Eduard Leopol'd fon, --- Bismark, Otto, --- Pi-ssu-mai, --- Von Bismarck, Otto, --- Germany. --- Alemania --- Ashkenaz --- BRD --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Deguo --- Deutsches Reich --- Deutschland --- Doitsu --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- FRN --- Gėrman --- German Uls --- Germania --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Germanyah --- Gjermani --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Jirmānīya --- KhBNGU --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Nimechchyna --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República de Alemania --- República Federal de Alemania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Vācijā --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Weimar Republic --- Weimarer Republik --- Germany (East) --- Germany (West) --- Europe

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Pedagogiek --- Cyberpesten --- 1e graad secundair onderwijs --- 2e graad secundair onderwijs --- Bachelor in het onderwijs : secundair onderwijs --- Pedagogische wetenschappen --- h.o.

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Background: Diverticular associated colitis (DAC) has become increasingly appreciated as a form of inflammatory disease of the colon, mainly in the sigmoid. It is defined as chronic inflammation of the interdiverticular mucosa with sparing of the rectum, right colon and diverticula themselves. Distinguishing this condition from inflammatory bowel disease may be difficult. Methods: A retrospective case identification through electronic search of the pathology database at the University Hospitals of Leuven from January 2005 to December 2016 was performed. Patients with a final diagnosis of DAC based on clinical, endoscopic and histological findings were enrolled. We analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, endoscopic, histopathological characteristics and response to therapy. We also performed a review of literature of all cases reported in the Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from January 2000. Results: Out of 377 pathology reports, 37 cases of DAC were identified, with a median age of 73 years and followed during 1 to 13 years. Nineteen patients (51.35%) had histologically confirmed rectal sparing. Six patients (16.22%) were refractory to conservative treatment (antibiotics, mesalamine or steroids) and eventually required surgery. In three patients (8.11%) evolution to ulcerative colitis (UC) was observed after a median follow-up of 11 months. Patients were divided into four endoscopic patterns, with a more benign course of type A “crescentic fold disease” (p < 0.05) whereas those with type B “mild to moderate ulcerative colitis-like” were at significant higher risk of persistent disease or relapse (p < 0.01). Conclusions: DAC is a multifaceted disease and generally considered to be a relatively benign condition, and is, as such, manageable and treatable. However, a subset of patients requires surgery and an even smaller subset progresses to develop classic UC. Further prospective, randomized studies should investigate whether mild forms of the disease (i.e. DAC type A and C) need maintenance treatment or not to prevent disease recurrence.