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dissertation (8)

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2018 (9)

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Dissertation
Life cycle assessment of innovative vehicle modes for city distribution

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Abstract

The growing importance of the urbanization trend and the boom in e-commerce are significant contributors to an increasing intensity of city distribution. Driven by these trends, the increasing vehicle kilometers to procure parcel deliveries have a detrimental effect on the climate change problem. One apparent solution to mitigate this effect is the deployment of new low-polluting vehicles to perform these deliveries. To quantify the climate change impact from a holistic perspective, this thesis develops a model for the life cycle assessment of delivery by drones, diesel vans, electric vans and cargo trikes. This is done by focusing on the deployment of these vehicles for the most popular delivery channel in Belgium, i.e. parcel home deliveries. This assessment leads to the following results. Drones are very efficient on a per distance basis; however, a lack of bundling possibilities confines them to a niche. Batteries for realistic deployment in parcel delivery make up 93% of the drone’s production stage impact and cause the highest life cycle impact per delivery of the discussed vehicles. More importantly, drone delivery in a Belgian context is still far off from any fully operational model because of stringent regulations. An electric van is still more than four times ‘cleaner’ than its diesel counterpart in urban driving conditions. Although it displays a higher production stage impact due to battery production, this does not offset its cleaner operational stage on a per delivery basis. The trike consistently demonstrates environmental superiority and remains a very underrated and capable mode. Shifting all deliveries towards trikes would reduce operational emissions the most, but it still displays higher life cycle emissions per delivery than an electric van due to its lower parcel capacity. This capacity also implies that the trike is still unattractive for some distributors (e.g. higher wage costs), which means that it is unlikely that it will replace all van deliveries merely based on its environmental merits. The developed model can be used by logistic operators and policymakers to assist in reducing environmental impact per delivery. This is possible following quantification of distances travelled, energy consumed and associated life cycle emissions for each vehicle mode, depending on service area characteristics and depot location. In turn, breakeven points and optimal mode split can be calculated.

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Dissertation
Kritische prestatie-indices voor transportopdrachten
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2018 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfswetenschappen

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Gedeeld transport is een van de mogelijke antwoorden op de toenemende druk op de transportsector. Dit onderzoek gaat na of de gangbare praktijk van beslissers kan ondersteund worden door metingen met een veelzijdig criterium. Op basis van literatuurstudie blijken acht kritische prestatie-indices (KPI’s) invloed te hebben. Die werden getoetst door professionelen en studenten. Het blijkt dat vier kritische prestatie-indices met voorsprong de waarde voorspellen van een transportopdracht. Een gewogen gemiddelde van de KPI’s kan gebruikt worden om de keuze voor een transportopdracht geautomatiseerd te ondersteunen.

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Dissertation
Inventory management under seasonal demand
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2018 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfswetenschappen

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In the field of inventory management, a considerable amount of research is devoted to control policies that assume stationary customer demand. Many industries however face demand patterns that exhibit seasonality. In the context of these non-stationary demand patterns, the use of dynamic inventory control policies is recommended in order to achieve the target service levels. This master’s thesis addresses the issue that academic research on dynamic inventory policies is rather limited and often not easy to implement from a practitioner’s point of view by conducting a company case study that aims to optimize inventory control in a classic seasonal demand industry: the ice cream business. The model proposed in this paper uses an (st, Qt)-policy, in which the parameters are adjusted throughout the year, to control the inventory for a number of product families. The reorder quantities, Qt, are optimized using a dynamic EOQ calculation, while the mean average percentage error is used to set the safety stocks and the reorder levels, st. The inventory policy is subsequently tested in a simulation model.

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Dissertation
Gain sharing in collaborative procurement

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The study covers the topic of cost allocation within horizontal collaboration. Five different allocation rules are compared: volume method, linear rule, Shapley value, ACAM and EPM. The focus of the study is on determining when each method is most appropriate to use, in collaborations consisting of two or three players. To support the analysis, several computational studies have been executed in Excel where varying volume numbers, cost efficiency levels and presence or absence of a strong sub-coalition were simulated. Consequently, the corresponding cost allocations obtained from each cost allocation method are investigated based on stability and individual profits as criteria. The paper concludes that proportional methods are more adequate in situations where reliable cost information is lacking as well in situations with similarities in partner characteristics. Shapley and ACAM are preferred in situations when the cost efficiency of partners is aimed to be rewarded and smaller companies are allowed to receive a higher relative saving. Lastly, game-theory based methods perform best on the stability property.

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Dissertation
Kritische prestatie-indices voor transportopdrachten
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2018 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfswetenschappen

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Abstract

Gedeeld transport is een van de mogelijke antwoorden op de toenemende druk op de transportsector. Om concurrentieel te blijven moeten belanghebbenden snel inspelen op opportuniteiten die zich op digitale platformen aandienen. Dit onderzoek gaat na of de gangbare praktijk van beslissers kan ondersteund worden door metingen met een veelzijdig criterium. Op basis van literatuurstudie blijken acht kritische prestatie-indices (KPI’s) invloed te hebben. Die werden getoetst door professionelen en studenten. Het blijkt dat vier kritische prestatie-indices met voorsprong de waarde voorspellen van een transportopdracht. Het zijn, in volgorde van belang, de benutting van laadvermogen in ton, de efficiëntie van tijdsbesteding, de benutting van de vloeroppervlakte en de benutting van beschikbaar volume. De KPI’s die minder belangrijk zijn, zijn in volgorde van afnemend belang, de stabiliteit van de opdrachten in de loop van de tijd, de lage bijkomende kosten, onder meer omwille van te verzekeren risico's, een lage complexiteit van de opdracht en de impact op sociale aspecten. Een gewogen gemiddelde van de KPI’s kan gebruikt worden om de keuze voor een transportopdracht geautomatiseerd te ondersteunen.

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Dissertation
Carbon Footprint Calculation of Transport

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In times where efforts by all nations, companies and citizens are required to control and to try to slow down the process of global warming, focussing on the measuring and calculations of the emissions that cause climate change is of vital importance. It is key to assess and understand one’s environmental impact before plans to reduce this are designed and implemented. The calculation of a carbon footprint, however, is subject to inaccuracy and incompleteness. Apart from that, assessing one’s environmental performance is done by too few companies. During this master’s thesis, the carbon footprint calculation of a company’s logistical processes is discussed. After a brief explanation on how current carbon footprint calculations are performed, the shortcomings of the current process of carbon footprint calculation are discussed, as well as solutions to these problems and possible ways of convincing or forcing more companies to assess their environmental performance.

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Dissertation
The impact of queueing policies on individual amusement ride queues

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This thesis analyzes the impact of queueing policies on the performance of four typical amusement park rides. The findings illustrate that amusement park rides are congested for attendance levels lower than their nominal capacity. Furthermore, their performance depends on the attraction configuration, including the way in which seats are segmented. Additionally, the attraction configuration determines the added value that advanced queueing policies deliver. Overall, the advanced queueing policies have most impact on (nearly) congested attractions.

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Dissertation
Kritische prestatie-indices voor transportopdrachten
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2018 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfswetenschappen

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Abstract

Gedeeld transport is een van de mogelijke antwoorden op de toenemende druk op de transportsector. Om concurrentieel te blijven moeten belanghebbenden snel inspelen op opportuniteiten die zich op digitale platformen aandienen. Dit onderzoek gaat na of de gangbare praktijk van beslissers kan ondersteund worden door metingen met een veelzijdig criterium. Op basis van literatuurstudie blijken acht kritische prestatie-indices (KPI’s) invloed te hebben. Die werden getoetst door professionelen en studenten. Het blijkt dat vier kritische prestatie-indices met voorsprong de waarde voorspellen van een transportopdracht. Het zijn, in volgorde van belang, de benutting van laadvermogen in ton, de efficiëntie van tijdsbesteding, de benutting van de vloeroppervlakte en de benutting van beschikbaar volume. De KPI’s die minder belangrijk zijn, zijn in volgorde van afnemend belang, de stabiliteit van de opdrachten in de loop van de tijd, de lage bijkomende kosten, onder meer omwille van te verzekeren risico's, een lage complexiteit van de opdracht en de impact op sociale aspecten. Een gewogen gemiddelde van de KPI’s kan gebruikt worden om de keuze voor een transportopdracht geautomatiseerd te ondersteunen.

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