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In Mozambique, large scale open pit coal mining is taking over the climatic balance and destroying the landscape of surrounding. A lush forest landscape is transforming into a hot, dry and dusty settlements, mainly due to the mining activity expansion and its interventions. While in formation and expansion, the scattered rural settlements is creating its own internal economies to strive in the previously forested landscape, since most are disconnected from the main regional centrality. The surrounding area is characterized by dichotomies like rural urbanity, extreme contrasts of dry season and wet season and exogenous forces of mining contrasted by endogenous forces of subsistence economies. By perceiving mining as a transitional land use that would develop, integrate and benefit the surrounding landscape the affects of mining is reducible, therefore this paper aims at rethinking the mining process, enabling the emergence of a survivable landscape, that could be properly reclaimed by the surrounding inhabitants. The major problem of the site is related to the water scarcity mainly in the dry season, increased by mining and thereby the loss of green and balance. This paper reflects upon a design strategy that tests the transitional land use concepts on a prospect mining site, promoting water harvesting in its surrounding areas so that the already existing problem of drought can be addressed in the a long run.

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The present article tries to analyze the subsistence economy model having as parameter its spatial organizational relation with the landscape. The subsistence economy is a model of an economic system based on activities that aimed at the self-sufficiency of its practitioners, originating in the period prior to pre-industrialization. In this type of economy the activities that stand out are agriculture and livestock. In Mozambique, between 70% and 80% of the population lives in rural areas and has agriculture as their main source of subsistence. The territory of the Republic of Mozambique has a high potential for promoting agriculture through irrigation, but most of its production that includes vegetables and cereals at subsistence level is a rain-fed production. The Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique in its N°1 of Article 103 advocates agriculture as the basis of national development. This essay presents an analysis of the main concepts of subsistence economy, their advantages and a characterization of the current stage (essay one), and the effects of the subsistence economy on the deforestation of the landscape (essay two). As a working methodology For the accomplishment of this paper, the bibliographical consultation was carried out as well as the analysis of data collected in the field. Subsistence agriculture has been practiced in the Zambezi basin region since the earliest indigenous human settlements that settled along the banks of the rivers as a way to take advantage of this resource and by the fertility of the soils at the margin of which it was very favorable to the practice of agriculture than the highland soils where productivity was dependent on rainfall. Since then, agriculture and livestock have been playing an important role in food production and economic development. The rural population in Mozambican survives from the production of food for consumption by families whose surpluses are marketed both in rural areas as well as in urban centers. The practice models of this agriculture in the form of preparation of the soil as well as the type of planting and the conditions of the climate of the semi-arid region jeopardize this activity; The discovery of mineral resources such as coal in the region and the growing urbanization process have led some of the population to abandon agricultural production to seek employment in miners and the reduction of land available for agricultural practice. The introduction of new processes in agriculture from the family base can demonstrate that it is possible for families to remain in these regions and live with dignity in this way of life from working the land where families can produce food by ensuring and improving their diet and selling production is individual or collective. The objective of this research is to analyze the practice of farming as an activity in its various forms of income generation and self-sufficiency, taking into account its characteristics and the different types of organization (it individual or cooperative). From this research exercise, direct results are expected that can increase the yield of agricultural production and control of the animal mortality rate, taking into account the territorial constraints and the effects of the climatic changes, from a system of diversification and rotation of cultures and methods and techniques for capturing and storing rainwater and surface water.

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Due to the rapid population growth in Tete province, Mozambique, where the annual growth rate is more than 4%, the population will double in the next 20 years, the demand for food and water will increase. A problem that the region is experiencing now and will increase in the future as a result of climate change, which will lead to increased periods of drought, lack of water resources, and change and unpredictability of rainfall. To meet people's needs for water and food on this wide scale, radical policies and strategies must be applied to water management. The most important of which is the recharge of groundwater, lakes, and rivers by harvesting, storing, managing and using rainwater in the dry months and significantly improving food production. Agriculture depends heavily on rainwater, but most of it evaporates before it is used or harvested. Or before penetrating the soil, or becomes runoff causing soil erosion. This paper discusses one of the methods of harvesting rainwater and employing it in agriculture "runoff farming". Which directs runoff water from rainwater harvested in non-planted areas into a restricted area for storage and residual use in irrigation during dry periods.Runoff farming has proven to be a valuable tool in dry areas to increase crop yields, promote reforestation, equal soil erosion, maximize available water resources And recharge local groundwater.The paper will review a number of examples of Runoff farming water harvesting in the world in similar conditions to Tete Province, its different techniques and results. In addition to a proposal draft demonstrating the applicability of the technology within the city of tete.

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Abstract In Tete, mining can be identified as the dominant economic activity affecting urban dynamics and urban planning. As the city experiences fast development of industrial infrastructures and increasing anthropogenic pressure in urban areas, the governance and urban planning face a wide range of challenges. Recognizing that these changes and trends can be difficult to reverse, there is a demand to understand in what way the mining industry affects the urban planning practice. This paper presents the most relevant features of the 2012 Urban Structure Plan of the City of Tete (PEUT), by comparing the plan to the current situation, analyzing changes, differences and tendencies due to the development context (mining booms, mining deceleration and expected expansion in the future) given for the city. It focuses on the analysis of the urban planning practice within the changing development context in relation to coal mining industry, from the socio-economic and the physical point of view. This paper is also a reflection on the shared applicability in dealing with future changes in the territory by looking at the Special development plan for part of the Zambezi River Basin in 2016 (PEOT).

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This paper addresses the two paradigms of human versus nation relationship as means to approach the Development of Zambezi River Basin, the nature colonize paradigm versus the ecological sustainable paradigm, introducing the Mozambicans case through fieldwork, studying socio-spatial relationship between the river and the indigenous people, to reach acknowledgment to the importance of the river as a cultural landscape element that need to be conserved from the capitalistic approach.